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Hepatitis B vaccination

Journal of Virological Methods, 1985
As hepatitis B virus does not replicate in tissue culture systems, it was impossible to prepare a vaccine in the conventional way. However, the surface-antigen of the virus is present in abundance in the blood of certain virus carriers. This phenomenon has been used to develop plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccines and these vaccines are now available. In
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Hepatitis B vaccines

Journal of Hepatology, 2003
Yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccines, containing the small HBV envelope protein SHBAg, are immunogenic, safe and cost-effective in prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in neonates, children and adults. Newly developed pre-S/S hepatitis B vaccines may play a role in inducing fast and augmented seroconversion rates in special risk groups.
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Hepatitis B vaccines

Vaccine, 1983
Abstract Hepatitis B is endemic in many African, Asian and Pacific countries causing much debilitation and death. The disease can lead to chronic cirrhosis and is closely associated with liver cell cancer. There are in the order of 200 million people that carry the virus and constitute a huge reservoir of infection.
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Intradermal Hepatitis B Vaccination

DICP, 1991
The availability of vaccine since 1982 for immunization against hepatitis B virus (HBV) has had minimal impact on the disease; mass immunization has been suggested. Intradermal vaccination, which has precedent in prophylaxis of other infectious diseases, has been investigated as a low-cost alternative to traditional intramuscular HBV vaccination ...
M P, Rivey, J, Peterson
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Novel hepatitis B vaccines

Vaccine, 1998
Currently available hepatitis B vaccines are immunogenic, efficacious and safe. There is no doubt that their consistent use makes the elimination of hepatitis B in most countries possible. Nevertheless, there are still aspects of these vaccines which could be improved: three doses are needed for a full course of vaccination (which is sometimes ...
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Combination Hepatitis A-Hepatitis B Vaccine

BioDrugs, 1997
The adult formulation of this combination hepatitis A-hepatitis B vaccine contains 720 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units (EU) of formalin-inactivated hepatitis A virus strain HM175 and 20mug of recombinant DNA yeast-derived hepatitis B surface antigen adsorbed onto aluminium salts in 1ml for injection.
A J, Wagstaff, J A, Balfour
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Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine

The Nurse Practitioner, 1983
Hepatitis B is a major public health problem. Complications of the disease can include a carrier state, chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The development of hepatitis B virus vaccine has made active immunization against HBV possible.
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Novel hepatitis B vaccines

Journal of Infection, 1986
Development of vaccines against hepatitis B has proceeded along four main lines. Human plasma-derived vaccines are safe, effective, and in general use. Subunit polypeptide vaccines formulated in micelles have reached the stage of clinical trials. Recombinant DNA vaccines have been produced in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, notably in yeast.
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Hepatitis B vaccine shortage

Nursing Standard, 2017
Essential facts The hepatitis B vaccine is highly effective in preventing infection if given before exposure and is also effective post-exposure. Post-exposure vaccination should start immediately, ideally within 24 hours.
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Hepatitis A Vaccines

2017
Hepatitis A is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). The incubation period of hepatitis A is usually 14–28 days. Symptoms of hepatitis A range from mild to severe, and can include fever, malaise, loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark-colored urine, and jaundice (a yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes ...
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