Results 171 to 180 of about 899 (216)

From Estimation to Discrimination: Algorithmic Bias, Predictive Uncertainty, and Anti‐Discrimination Law

open access: yesThe Modern Law Review, EarlyView.
Machine learning (ML) systems, increasingly deployed in high‐stakes decision‐making, inherently produce uncertain outputs that can lead to unlawful discrimination. This article provides the first legal analysis of how predictive uncertainty in ML systems interacts with UK anti‐discrimination law under the Equality Act 2010.
Holli Sargeant
wiley   +1 more source

‘A Sort of Armed Argument’: Ireland's Civil War of Words

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract This article sets out to contribute to the study of the languages of European civil wars through outlining and analysing the deployment of language as a weapon by the opposing sides of the Irish independence movement that split over the terms of the Anglo‐Irish Treaty of December 1921.
DONAL Ó DRISCEOIL
wiley   +1 more source

‘Enthusiasts’ and ‘Fanatics’: The Decembrists as a Case Study in French Influence on Russian Culture, Emotions and Thought

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract Participants in Russia's 1825 Decembrist uprising against the Tsarist regime were, quite literally, a case study in French cultural influence upon Russia. This is particularly true as it relates to Russia's emotional cultures. Although this has not, traditionally, been the primary focus of historical analysis of this event (in Soviet or ...
ADAM COKER
wiley   +1 more source

School Board Elections in England and Wales, 1870–1902: An Electoral Experiment?

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract The 1870 Elementary Education Act enabled the creation of school boards in England and Wales. Members were directly elected by the cumulative vote. This method gave each individual voter as many votes as there were seats on a school board, in some cases up to fifteen.
ED GREEN
wiley   +1 more source

Sino‐Mexican Encounters Before the ‘Diplomatic Opening’: Exhibition Diplomacy and Grassroots Friendship in the 1960s

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract During the 1960s, Mexico's Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) embraced Chinese overtures for a commercial opening as consistent with its anti‐imperialist posture, thereby foreshadowing the diplomatic opening to China in 1972. Yet this professed ideological pluralism was eclipsed by an underlying allegiance to the United States' anti ...
YIXIN TIAN
wiley   +1 more source

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