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The evolutionary consequences of indirect effects
Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2013Indirect effects occur when the effect of one species on another is mediated by a third species or through other links in the ecosystem. Indirect interactions are widespread in nature with effects on the properties of populations, communities, and ecosystems.
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2003
Indirect effects of HS on organisms include changes in bioconcentrations and toxicity of xenobiotics and metals, thus reducing the chemical stress an aquatic organism may be exposed to. Compared to the current low level of knowledge of the direct effects of HS on aquatic organisms, the indirect effects are very well known.
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Indirect effects of HS on organisms include changes in bioconcentrations and toxicity of xenobiotics and metals, thus reducing the chemical stress an aquatic organism may be exposed to. Compared to the current low level of knowledge of the direct effects of HS on aquatic organisms, the indirect effects are very well known.
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Indirect Effects of Desegregation
1986In the years since desegregation has become national policy, little can be said about whether or not that policy has been successful. Many reasons have been cited as to why the evidence remains inconclusive. These reasons include such factors as the failure to conduct desegregation research within a theoretical framework, the frequent use of inadequate
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Ecotoxicology and indirect effects
The European Commission has directed the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to revise the Terrestrial Ecotoxicology Guidance Document, which was initially established in 2002, in light of the increasing demand for conservation strategies and the evolving environmental challenges.Evangelisti, Martina +5 more
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Evolutionary indirect effects of biological invasions
Oecologia, 2012Just as ecological indirect effects can have a wide range of consequences for community structure and ecosystem function, theory suggests that evolutionary indirect effects can also influence community dynamics and the outcome of species interactions. There is little empirical evidence documenting such effects, however.
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Indirect Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cause-of-Death Analysis of Life Expectancy Changes in 24 Countries, 2015 to ...
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The indirect effects of virus infections
Reviews in Medical Virology, 2002AbstractAn Erratum has been published for this article in Rev. Med. Virol.
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