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Optimal Defense Theory Predicts the Ontogeny of an Induced Nicotine Defense
Ecology, 2000Optimal Defense (OD) theory predicts that the within-plant allocation of secondary metabolites that function as defenses will be positively correlated with the fitness value of particular plant parts. Here, we experimentally examine this prediction by ex- ploiting our understanding of the mechanisms of wound-induced nicotine production in Nicotiana ...
Ohnmeiss, T., Baldwin, I.
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Drug-Induced Homicide Defense Toolkit
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2018In response to the growing overdose crisis, many prosecutors are treating overdose deaths as homicides. Since 2010, prosecutions for drug-induced homicide (also known as drug delivery resulting in death) have increased at least threefold. Criminal defense attorneys and defendants' families have asked for assistance in understanding these cases and how ...
Valena Elizabeth Beety +3 more
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Exercise‐induced Modulation of Antioxidant Defense
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2002AbstractMaintaining mobility is a critical element for the quality of life. Skeletal muscle, the primary organ for locomotion, undergoes age‐associated deterioration in size, structure, and function. Recent research suggests that oxidative stress is an important etiology for sarcopenia.
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Induced Chemical Defense in Plants
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 1998Surprising parallels exist between the chemical defense mechanisms of plants and animals. The biosynthesis of defensive substances in plants can be induced by microbial or herbivoral attack. Recent results demonstrate that the chemical defense of plants is mediated by lipid-based signaling systems.
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Predator-Induced Defenses in Crustacea
2018AbstractThe capacity of an organism with a given genotype to respond to changing environmental conditions by the expression of an alternative phenotype is a fascinating biological phenomenon. Plasticity enables organisms to cope with environmental challenges by altering their morphology, behavior, physiology, and life history.
Linda C. Weiss, Ralph Tollrian
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Plant Defense by VOC-Induced Microbial Priming
Trends in Plant Science, 2019The plant holobiont extends the plant's capacity for nutrient acquisition and stress protection. Recent studies show that under biotic stress plants can promote the acquisition of certain beneficial bacteria to their rhizosphere. Active emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a newly identified mechanism utilized by plants for this process.
Hongwei, Liu, Laura E, Brettell
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ARE INDUCED DEFENSES COSTLY? CONSEQUENCES OF PREDATOR-INDUCED DEFENSES IN WESTERN TOADS, BUFO BOREAS
Ecology, 2003Induced defenses are widespread in nature, and in amphibian larvae they are often expressed as altered behavior and changes in tail shape, color, and size. Theory predicts that induced defenses should be costly in the absence of a predator threat. No costs have been found for these defenses after metamorphosis.
Michael F. Benard, James A. Fordyce
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Predator-Induced Defense: Variation for Inducibility in an Intertidal Barnacle
Ecology, 2000Phenotypic plasticity is a widespread and often adaptive feature of organisms living in heterogeneous environments. The advantages of plasticity seem particularly clear in organisms that show environmentally cued switches between alternative morphs. Information concerning the presence and nature of variation underlying the induction of these morphs ...
Curtis M. Lively +3 more
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The Ecology and Evolution of Inducible Defenses
The Quarterly Review of Biology, 1990Inducible defenses are responses activated through a previous encounter with a consumer or competitor that confer some degree of resistance to subsequent attacks. While the importance of inducible resistance has long been known in host-parasite interactions, it is only recently that its importance has emerged in other natural systems.
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Corticosteroid-Induced Lymphopenia, Immunosuppression, and Body Defense
Annals of Internal Medicine, 1978The apparent paradox of heightened adrenal corticosteroid levels associated with reduction in the competence of the body's defensive apparatus to cope with exposure to new microbial antigens is considered. The question is asked how this lowered defensive capability, which occurs in the face of a threat to body integrity, is consistent with Cannon's ...
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