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Symbolic or Substantive Action: Intent, Effort, and Results

open access: yesBusiness Strategy and the Environment, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Many firms have made ambitious climate pledges since the Paris Agreement of 2015. These pledges may be symbolic or substantive, but the literature is fragmented in defining these two terms. We propose a conceptual framework with three frames to delineate symbolic from substantive action: Intent—underlying motivations for engaging in climate ...
Vincent Xinyi Gu   +1 more
wiley   +1 more source

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