Results 91 to 100 of about 4,262 (218)

Twin pregnancies and the limits of the energetics of gestation and growth hypothesis

The Anatomical Record, EarlyView.
Abstract The “Energetics of Gestation and Growth” (EGG) hypothesis proposes that human birth timing and the associated secondary altriciality of human newborns is determined by limits in maternal metabolic capacity. According to this model, labor is triggered when the increasing fetal energy requirements exceed the expectant mother's maximum sustained ...
Cédric Cordey, Nicole M. Webb, Martin Haeusler   +2 more
wiley   +1 more source

The 9+ month marathon: How pregnancy may have shaped human endurance capacities

The Anatomical Record, EarlyView.
Abstract Anthropology has long considered the evolution of our uniquely human endurance capacities to be the result of selection upon anatomical and physiological features imposed by the demands of thermoregulation and resource acquisition, particularly during the demands of persistence hunting. Research has focused on the anatomical changes present in
Cara Ocobock
wiley   +1 more source

The fossil record stays silent: Confusions and conundrums for hominin pelvis evolution

The Anatomical Record, EarlyView.
Abstract The evolution of the hominin pelvis is commonly modeled as a series of stages driven largely by the requirements of bipedal locomotion, reproduction, thermoregulation, and pelvic floor muscular support. These patterns are complicated by variation in canal dimensions in relationship with different changes in overall pelvic breadths. To quantify
Helen K. Kurki, Cara M. Wall‐Scheffler
wiley   +1 more source

Hypophosphatasia in a newborn infant

The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 1995
Infantile type hypophosphatasia, an autosomal recessive disease with severe clinical manifestations, is characterized biochemically by subnormal activities of circulating alkaline phosphatase.
G Tekinalp, A Yükselen, F Balkanci, T Coşkun, M Yurdakök   +4 more
doaj  

Secular trends in infant mortality by age-group and avoidable components in the State of São Paulo, 1996–2012

Revista Paulista de Pediatria
Objective: To describe trends and composition of infant mortality rate in the State of São Paulo, from 1996 to 2012. Methods: An ecological study was conducted, based on official secondary data of births and infant deaths of residents in São Paulo, from
Kelsy Catherina Nema Areco, Tulio Konstantyner, José Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

The mechanism of labor in nonhuman primates: A look inside

The Anatomical Record, EarlyView.
Abstract While in humans, the flexed position of the fetus and its rotating course down the birth canal are well documented, in other primates the mechanism of labor is unknown. Despite the lack of comparative data, it is commonly assumed that the human obstetric mechanism is unique, and anthropologists have disputed when and why the transition to the ...
Melissa K. Stoller
wiley   +1 more source

Developmental differences in cortical bone structure in chimpanzee and human femora reflect early locomotor independence in humans

The Anatomical Record, EarlyView.
Abstract The cortical bone structure of long bone diaphyses changes throughout growth via skeletal modeling and has important implications for bone strength and structural integrity. Ontogenetic trends in diaphyseal structure have been identified in both chimpanzees and humans but it is not yet clear how these trends compare given notable differences ...
Karen R. Swan, Rachel Ives, Zewdi J. Tsegai, Louise T. Humphrey   +3 more
wiley   +1 more source

Impact of prenatal phthalate exposure on newborn metabolome and infant neurodevelopment

Nature Communications
We evaluated associations among exposure to prenatal phthalate metabolites, perturbations of the newborn metabolome, and infant neurobehavioral functioning in mother-newborn pairs enrolled in the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child Cohort during 2016–
Susan S. Hoffman, Ziyin Tang, Anne Dunlop, Patricia A. Brennan, Thompson Huynh, Stephanie M. Eick, Dana B. Barr, Blake Rushing, Susan L. McRitchie, Susan Sumner, Kaitlin R. Taibl, Youran Tan, Parinya Panuwet, Grace E. Lee, Jasmin Eatman, Elizabeth J. Corwin, P. Barry Ryan, Dean P. Jones, Donghai Liang   +18 more
doaj   +1 more source

Historical birth records from 1896 to 1944 from the Basel maternity hospital, Switzerland, reveal significant obstetric selection pressures

The Anatomical Record, EarlyView.
Abstract Maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality have declined dramatically during the last century. Historical data are therefore important sources to study the evolutionary selection pressures related to childbirth and how they have fluctuated over time.
Mirella Woodert, Guillermo Bravo Morante, Viktoria A. Krenn, Cédric Cordey, Nicole Torres‐Tamayo, Kaspar Staub, Nicole M. Webb, Martin Haeusler   +7 more
wiley   +1 more source

Human evolution and the obstetrical dilemma: The pelvic floor hypothesis

The Anatomical Record, EarlyView.
Abstract Human childbirth is mechanically difficult because a large‐headed, broad‐shouldered fetus must pass through a comparatively narrow, twisted bony birth canal. Traditional explanations of this “obstetrical dilemma” emphasize the role of bipedal locomotion in inhibiting the evolution of a wider, more spacious pelvis.
Barbara Fischer, Ekaterina Stansfield
wiley   +1 more source