Crocodiles use both interaural level differences and interaural time differences to locate a sound source [PDF]
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2020 To explore how crocodilians locate a sound source, two Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) were trained to swim towards an acoustic target. Using filtered versions of synthesized stimuli, the respective roles of interaural level differences (ILDs) and interaural time differences (ITDs), which are the two main cues providing information on sound ...
Papet, Léo +4 more
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Population Coding of Interaural Time Differences in Gerbils and Barn Owls [PDF]
, 2010 Interaural time differences (ITDs) are the primary cue for the localization of low-frequency sound sources in the azimuthal plane. For decades, it was assumed that the coding of ITDs in the mammalian brain was similar to that in the avian brain, where ...
Lesica, Nicholas A. +5 more
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Neural delays shape selectivity to interaural intensity differences in the lateral superior olive [PDF]
, 1996 Neurons in the lateral superior olive (LSO) respond selectively to interaural intensity differences (IIDs), one of the chief cues used to localize sounds in space.
Benedikt Grothe +9 more
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Interaural Time and Intensity Difference and the MLD [PDF]
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1965 Masking-level differences (MLD) for a 600-cps low-pass transient were explored as a function of (1) interaural time difference (Δt; (2) interaural intensity difference (ΔI); and (3) combinations of Δt and ΔI. Masking-level difference here is the difference between two levels of coherent noise (N0), one required to mask a given condition of click, the ...
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Sensitivity to interaural time differences in the medial superior olive of a small mammal, the Mexican free-tailed bat [PDF]
, 1998 Neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) are thought to encode interaural time differences (ITDs), the main binaural cues used for localizing low-frequency sounds in the horizontal plane. The underlying mechanism is supposed to rely on a coincidence of
Benedikt Grothe +3 more
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Spatial Mechanisms for Segregation of Competing Sounds, and a Breakdown in Spatial Hearing
Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2020 We live in complex auditory environments, in which we are confronted with multiple competing sounds, including the cacophony of talkers in busy markets, classrooms, offices, etc.
John C. Middlebrooks, Michael F. Waters
doaj +1 more source
Adaptation of Binaural Processing in the Adult Brainstem Induced by Ambient Noise [PDF]
, 2012 Interaural differences in stimulus intensity and timing are major cues for sound localization. In mammals, these cues are first processed in the lateral and medial superior olive by interaction of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs from ipsi- and ...
Siveke, Ida +3 more
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The Mammalian Interaural Time Difference Detection Circuit Is Differentially Controlled by GABAB Receptors during Development [PDF]
, 2010 Throughout development GABAB receptors (GABABRs) are widely expressed in the mammalian brain. In mature auditory brainstem neurons, GABABRs are involved in the short-term regulation of the strength and dynamics of excitatory and inhibitory inputs, thus ...
Grothe, Benedikt +5 more
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A Comparison of Two Objective Measures of Binaural Processing
Trends in Hearing, 2015 There has been continued interest in clinical objective measures of binaural processing. One commonly proposed measure is the binaural interaction component (BIC), which is obtained typically by recording auditory brainstem responses (ABRs)—the BIC ...
Nicholas R. Haywood +3 more
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Synaptic Inhibition Influences the Temporal Coding Properties of Medial Superior Olivary Neurons. An in vitro Study [PDF]
, 1994 The medial superior olive (MSO) functions as a coincidence detector for interaural time and phase differences by integrating excitatory synaptic inputs.
Sanes, Dan H. +3 more
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