Results 1 to 10 of about 6,221,022 (195)

The margin of internal exposure (MOIE) concept for dermal risk assessment based on oral toxicity data – A case study with caffeine

Toxicology, 2017
Highlights • The concept of Margin of Internal Exposure (MOIE) is proposed for route-to-route extrapolation.• It is an extension of the Margin of Exposure (MOE) approach for cosmetics in the EU.• PBK modelling integrates in vitro and in silico ...
Jos Bessems, Alicia Paini, Andrew Worth   +2 more
exaly   +3 more sources

Unexpected Exposure Risks to Emerging Aromatic Amine Antioxidants and p-Phenylenediamine Quinones to Residents: Evidence from External and Internal Exposure as Well as Hepatotoxicity Evaluation. [PDF]

Environ Health (Wash)
Aromatic amine antioxidants (AAs), extensively used in rubber products, and their ozone-photolyzed product p-phenylenediamine quinones (PPD-Qs) were found to be pervasive in various environments and with potential ecological and health risks.
Guo Z, Cheng Z, Zhang S, Zhu H, Zhao L, Baqar M, Wang L, Sun H.   +7 more
europepmc   +2 more sources

Effects of Internal Exposure to ⁵⁶MnO₂ Powder on Blood Parameters in Rats. [PDF]

Eurasian J Med, 2020
Objective The pathological effects of internal exposure to manganese dioxide-56 (56MnO2) radioisotope particles have been previously examined in rats. Here we further examine the effects of 56MnO2, focusing on changes in blood parameters. Materials and
Fujimoto N, Baurzhan A, Chaizhunusova N, Amantayeva G, Kairkhanova Y, Shabdarbaeva D, Zhunussov Y, Zhumadilov K, Stepanenko V, Gnyrya V, Azhimkhanov A, Kolbayenkov A, Hoshi M.   +12 more
europepmc   +2 more sources

Internal exposure levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. [PDF]

Environ Health Prev Med, 2019
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely found in the environment, and comparing to adults, children are more vulnerable to PAHs exposure. Urinary metabolites of PAHs are used as preferred biomarkers to estimate the PAHs exposure.
Huang X, Deng X, Li W, Liu S, Chen Y, Yang B, Liu Q.   +6 more
europepmc   +2 more sources

Monitoring of Tritium Internal Exposure Doses of Heavy-Water Reactor Workers in Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant. [PDF]

Dose Response, 2019
To analyze the tritium internal exposure dose of workers in the Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant over the past 15 years. Urine samples provided by workers are tested directly to analyze the tritium concentrations and estimate internal exposure dose ...
Wang KZ, Sun L, Xiong KH, Chen WB, Wang YY, Bian HH, Cui FM, Liu YL.   +7 more
europepmc   +2 more sources

Advancing internal exposure and physiologically-based toxicokinetic modeling for 21st-century risk assessments. [PDF]

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol, 2019
Scientifically sound, risk-informed evaluation of chemicals is essential to protecting public health. Systematically leveraging information from exposure, toxicology, and epidemiology studies can provide a holistic understanding of how real-world ...
Cohen Hubal EA, Wetmore BA, Wambaugh JF, El-Masri H, Sobus JR, Bahadori T.   +5 more
europepmc   +2 more sources

Internal Exposure to BTEX in Tropical Children: Does Exposure Speed Up Pubertal Development? [PDF]

Antioxidants
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) are a common class of volatile organic compounds linked to adverse health outcomes. Although BTEX have been shown to have endocrine disrupting properties, their potential impacts on pubertal development ...
Yao Lu, Qin Zhou, Dan Wang, Yu-Ling Luan, Ying Guo   +4 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Review of OPFRs in animals and humans: Absorption, bioaccumulation, metabolism, and internal exposure research

Chemosphere, 2016
Due to their widespread use, organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are commonly detected in various environmental matrices and have been identified as emerging contaminants.
Yiping Xu, Rui Hou, Wang Z
exaly   +2 more sources

Radiocesium contamination and estimated internal exposure doses in edible wild plants in Kawauchi Village following the Fukushima nuclear disaster. [PDF]

PLoS One, 2017
Kawauchi Village, in Fukushima Prefecture, is located within a 30-km radius of the nuclear disaster site of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP).
Tsuchiya R, Taira Y, Orita M, Fukushima Y, Endo Y, Yamashita S, Takamura N.   +6 more
europepmc   +2 more sources

Risk of Lung Cancer Mortality in Nuclear Workers from Internal Exposure to Alpha Particle-emitting Radionuclides. [PDF]

Epidemiology, 2017
Background: Carcinogenic risks of internal exposures to alpha-emitters (except radon) are poorly understood. Since exposure to alpha particles—particularly through inhalation—occurs in a range of settings, understanding consequent risks is a public ...
Grellier J, Atkinson W, Bérard P, Bingham D, Birchall A, Blanchardon E, Bull R, Guseva Canu I, Challeton-de Vathaire C, Cockerill R, Do MT, Engels H, Figuerola J, Foster A, Holmstock L, Hurtgen C, Laurier D, Puncher M, Riddell AE, Samson E, Thierry-Chef I, Tirmarche M, Vrijheid M, Cardis E.   +23 more
europepmc   +2 more sources