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Soft Law as International Financial Regulation Method in the Foreign Financial Law Doctrine
The article deals with the foreign approaches to soft law as a range of non-binding instruments issued by the international financial institutions. Soft-law method is widely recognized and has practical application in all areas of international financial
V. V. Kudryashov
doaj +1 more source
The Influence of Common Language on the Trade of Wheat and Bakery Products
ABSTRACT This study examines whether sharing a common official language increases the probability that two countries engage in bilateral trade of wheat and bakery products. Using a binary choice framework applied to 54,780 country‐pair observations for 2023, probit and logit models of the extensive margin of trade are estimated, with a focus on whether
Felipe Durães do Nascimento Monteiro Barbosa +1 more
wiley +1 more source
Abstract The intersection of economic conditions and early years education has long been debated, particularly where financial constraints shape educational practice and professional realities. Türkiye, characterised by high inflation and structural vulnerabilities in purchasing power parity, provides a critical context for examining how economic ...
Ebru Aydın, Şerif Yüksel
wiley +1 more source
Africa’s (Under) Development at the Mercy of International Financial Institutions’ Reform Programmes: A Dependency Theory Perspective [PDF]
Global financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) have played a dominant role in shaping the global financial architecture since their establishment at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference in the United ...
Nsizwazonke E. Yende
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Kerja Sama G20 dalam Pemulihan Ekonomi Global dari COVID-19
This study reveals the institutional performance of the G20 in order to help global economy recovery because of COVID-19. This study uses qualitative methods, providing in-depth descriptions through internet-based research as data-based techniques.
Wiwiek Rukmi Dwi Astuti
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Board Gender Diversity and Environmental Credit Risk in Banking: A Global Study of Bank Governance
ABSTRACT This study investigates the relationship between board gender diversity and environmental credit risk in the global banking sector. Using a panel dataset of 345 publicly listed banks from 75 countries over the period 2018–2022, we find that greater female representation on bank boards is significantly associated with lower environmental credit
Kenza Mouti +2 more
wiley +1 more source
Comparison of Gross Domestic Product Forecasts before and after the Covid-19
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) publish annual reports on the world economic outlook. This study compared the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of different countries by these 2 institutions, before and after the Covid-19 ...
Somayeh Afshari, Soheila Damiri
doaj
The main purpose of the article is to provide legal analysis of the activities of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, as well as to clarify their role in the international financial system and the peculiarities of the correlation with the
Daryna Abbakumova
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ABSTRACT The United States (U.S.) faces challenges in achieving its ambitious net‐zero carbon emissions target by 2050, with current emissions having fallen by less than 1% in 2024. Despite an investment of $500 billion in low‐carbon resources while holding the second‐largest green technology patent portfolio globally, it is further imperative to ...
Md Zubair Ahmad +5 more
wiley +1 more source
This article examines how international institutions, particularly the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank (WB), influence the economic policies of Indonesia, both through loans and rulings issued by ...
I Putu Aditya Darma Putra
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