Results 31 to 40 of about 2,531,605 (137)

Solving the Kidney-Exchange Problem via Graph Neural Networks with No Supervision [PDF]

arXiv, 2023
This paper introduces a new learning-based approach for approximately solving the Kidney-Exchange Problem (KEP), an NP-hard problem on graphs. The problem consists of, given a pool of kidney donors and patients waiting for kidney donations, optimally selecting a set of donations to optimize the quantity and quality of transplants performed while ...
arxiv  

Small Representations of Big Kidney Exchange Graphs [PDF]

arXiv, 2016
Kidney exchanges are organized markets where patients swap willing but incompatible donors. In the last decade, kidney exchanges grew from small and regional to large and national---and soon, international. This growth results in more lives saved, but exacerbates the empirical hardness of the $\mathcal{NP}$-complete problem of optimally matching ...
arxiv  

The Wearable Artificial Kidney

Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal, 2020
The column in this issue is supplied by George M Dolson, MD, who is a professor of Medicine in the Renal Section at Baylor College of Medicine. Dr. Dolson obtained his medical degree from the St. Louis University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, and completed his residency and nephrology fellowship at the University of Texas Health Science ...
openaire   +3 more sources

Operation Frames and Clubs in Kidney Exchange [PDF]

arXiv, 2017
A kidney exchange is a centrally-administered barter market where patients swap their willing yet incompatible donors. Modern kidney exchanges use 2-cycles, 3-cycles, and chains initiated by non-directed donors (altruists who are willing to give a kidney to anyone) as the means for swapping.
arxiv  

Using deceased-donor kidneys to initiate chains of living donor kidney paired donations: algorithms and experimentation [PDF]

arXiv, 2018
We design a flexible algorithm that exploits deceased donor kidneys to initiate chains of living donor kidney paired donations, combining deceased and living donor allocation mechanisms to improve the quantity and quality of kidney transplants. The advantages of this approach have been measured using retrospective data on the pool of donor/recipient ...
arxiv  

Predicting Kidney Transplant Survival using Multiple Feature Representations for HLAs [PDF]

Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (2021) 51-60, 2021
Kidney transplantation can significantly enhance living standards for people suffering from end-stage renal disease. A significant factor that affects graft survival time (the time until the transplant fails and the patient requires another transplant) for kidney transplantation is the compatibility of the Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs) between the ...
arxiv  

Aligning with Heterogeneous Preferences for Kidney Exchange [PDF]

arXiv, 2020
AI algorithms increasingly make decisions that impact entire groups of humans. Since humans tend to hold varying and even conflicting preferences, AI algorithms responsible for making decisions on behalf of such groups encounter the problem of preference aggregation: combining inconsistent and sometimes contradictory individual preferences into a ...
arxiv  

Scalable Robust Kidney Exchange [PDF]

arXiv, 2018
In barter exchanges, participants directly trade their endowed goods in a constrained economic setting without money. Transactions in barter exchanges are often facilitated via a central clearinghouse that must match participants even in the face of uncertainty---over participants, existence and quality of potential trades, and so on. Leveraging robust
arxiv  

Chitosan: A Natural Biopolymer with a Wide and Varied Range of Applications

Molecules, 2020
Although chitin is of the most available biopolymers on Earth its uses and applications are limited due to its low solubility. The deacetylation of chitin leads to chitosan.
C. P. Jiménez‐Gómez, J. A. Cecilia
semanticscholar   +1 more source

Balancing Lexicographic Fairness and a Utilitarian Objective with Application to Kidney Exchange [PDF]

arXiv, 2017
Balancing fairness and efficiency in resource allocation is a classical economic and computational problem. The price of fairness measures the worst-case loss of economic efficiency when using an inefficient but fair allocation rule; for indivisible goods in many settings, this price is unacceptably high.
arxiv