Results 181 to 190 of about 8,604 (222)

Pyrolysis of a Precipitated Kraft Lignin

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development, 1979
A precipitated kraft lignin was pyrolyzed in a "captive sample" reactor at 400-700 °C for 10-120 s. Weight loss and tar were determined gravimetrically and oxides of carbon, hydrocarbons, methanol, acetone and single-ring phenols were determined by gas chromatography.
Iatridis, Basil, Gavalas, George R.
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Pyrolysis of Kraft Lignin with Additives

Energy & Fuels, 2011
The pyrolysis of softwood (SW) kraft lignin in the presence of NiCl2 and ZSM-5 zeolite as an additive was examined at 700 °C. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), quantitative 13C and 31P NMR were used to characterize the pyrolysis oil. Based on the results of 13C and 31P NMR for the pyrolysis oils, the use of zeolite during pyrolysis caused the near ...
Haoxi Ben, Arthur J. Ragauskas
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The carboxymethylation of organosolv and kraft lignins

Wood Science and Technology, 1980
Kraft and ethanol organosolv lignins from Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica were carboxymethylated with bromoacetic acid. Of the total hydroxyl groups in the lignins, 60–70% were carboxymethylated. The reaction led to an increase of the number-average molecular weights.
W. Lange, W. Schweers
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Kraft lignin utilization in adhesives

Wood Science and Technology, 1988
The utilization of lignin from Pinus radiata black liquor, as a copolymer in ligninphenol-formaldehyde resin binders was studied. Methylolation, demethylation and ultrafiltration separation of high molecular-weight fractions were carried out in order to increase lignin reactivity.
OLIVARES, M, GUZMAN, JA, NATHO, A, SAAVEDRA, A   +3 more
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Polyurethane from kraft lignin

British Polymer Journal, 1989
AbstractThe condensation of lignin with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or of a mixture of lignin‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with HDI was investigated. The lignin used in this study was a kraft lignin from Pinus maritima, and was obtained from black liquor by acidification, filtration and vacuum drying.
H. Cheradame, M. Detoisien, A. Gandini, F. Pla, G. Roux   +4 more
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Simulation of Kraft Lignin Pyrolysis

1985
The profitable conversion of lignin to low-molecular-weight products is hindered by the complexity of both its chemical structure and also its conversion product spectra. These complexities not only mask the actual fundamental events occurring during lignin processing but render design, scale-up and optimization difficult.
Francis P. Petrocelli, Michael T. Klein
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Kraft lignin in polyurethanes. II. Effects of the molecular weight of kraft lignin on the properties of polyurethanes from a kraft lignin–polyether triol–polymeric MDI system

Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1990
AbstractPolyurethane films were prepared by solution casting using a three‐component system consisting of polymeric MDI, a propylene oxide‐based polyether triol and kraft lignin fractions of different molecular weights. The polyether triol was used as soft segment.
Hirohisa Yoshida, Roland Mörck, Knut P. Kringstad, Hyoe Hatakeyama   +3 more
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Kraft Lignins: A New Perspective

1986
Among the naturally occurring polymers, lignins are second only to cellulose in abundance, and in terms of energy content they might actually be the most abundant. They are found as cell-wall components in all dryland arborescent and herbaceous plants. Native lignins are generally conceived as being cross-linked macromolecules of “infinite” extent that
Theodore M. Garver, Simo Sarkanen
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Influence of Ozonized Kraft Lignin on the Crystallization of CaCO3

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2002
Results are reviewed from a study examining how structural modifications introduced by ozonization enhance the influence of kraft lignin on the crystallization of CaCO(3). Ozone treatment of kraft lignin in an aqueous environment is shown to increase its carboxylic acid and overall oxygen content and reduce its molecular weight.
Steven J, Severtson, Jihui, Guo
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Ozonization of kraft lignin

Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, 1988
Per Månsson, Rofand Öser
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