Results 211 to 220 of about 23,214 (252)
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Phosphorylated kraft lignin with improved thermal stability
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020The low cost, environmental friendliness, and reproducibility of kraft lignin (KL) make it a potential candidate for the development of new green material. The phosphorylation of KL can extend its application as a flame-retardant material. Herein, the phosphorylated kraft lignin (PKL) was systematically fabricated in a sustainable process by utilizing ...
Cong, Gao +4 more
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Kraft lignin utilization in adhesives
Wood Science and Technology, 1988The utilization of lignin from Pinus radiata black liquor, as a copolymer in ligninphenol-formaldehyde resin binders was studied. Methylolation, demethylation and ultrafiltration separation of high molecular-weight fractions were carried out in order to increase lignin reactivity.
OLIVARES, M +3 more
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Similarities in Recalcitrant Structures of Industrial Non‐Kraft and Kraft Lignin
ChemSusChem, 2020AbstractThis work compares the structure of industrially isolated lignin samples from kraft pulping and three alternative processes: butanol organosolv, supercritical water hydrolysis, and sulfur dioxide/ethanol/water fractionation. Kraft processes are known to produce highly condensed lignin, with reduced potential for catalytic depolymerization ...
Andrew W. Tricker +9 more
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2012
Many materials, man-made and natural, have a composite structure, i.e. they comprise two or more constituent materials with distinct differences. Concrete is a common example. It consists of sand or gravel, cement and water. Wood is also a composite. It has strong, crystalline cellulose structures glued together by hemicelluloses and lignin. The unique
Kouisni, Lamfeddal +6 more
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Many materials, man-made and natural, have a composite structure, i.e. they comprise two or more constituent materials with distinct differences. Concrete is a common example. It consists of sand or gravel, cement and water. Wood is also a composite. It has strong, crystalline cellulose structures glued together by hemicelluloses and lignin. The unique
Kouisni, Lamfeddal +6 more
openaire +3 more sources
Simulation of Kraft Lignin Pyrolysis
1985The profitable conversion of lignin to low-molecular-weight products is hindered by the complexity of both its chemical structure and also its conversion product spectra. These complexities not only mask the actual fundamental events occurring during lignin processing but render design, scale-up and optimization difficult.
Francis P. Petrocelli, Michael T. Klein
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Color reduction of sulfonated eucalyptus kraft lignin
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2017Several eucalyptus lignins named as HSL, SML and BSL were prepared by high temperature sulfonation, sulfomethylation, butane sultone sulfonation respectively. The color properties of samples were investigated. Under optimized conditions the sulfonic group (SO3H) content of HSL, SML and BSL reached 1.52, 1.60 and 1.58mmol/g, respectively.
Hui, Zhang +3 more
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Kraft Lignins: A New Perspective
1986Among the naturally occurring polymers, lignins are second only to cellulose in abundance, and in terms of energy content they might actually be the most abundant. They are found as cell-wall components in all dryland arborescent and herbaceous plants. Native lignins are generally conceived as being cross-linked macromolecules of “infinite” extent that
Theodore M. Garver, Simo Sarkanen
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Biodegradable Kraft Lignin-based Thermoplastics
2003Lignins are seldom accorded a prominent place in compendia about biodegradable polymeric materials. Yet lignin derivatives are available in huge quantities from plant sources, and they are (albeit slowly) biodegradable. Indeed high (85%) industrial by-product lignin contents in thermoplastics were first reported in 19971, and since then a U.S.
Yan Li, Simo Sarkanen
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Methanol Fractionation of Softwood Kraft Lignin: Impact on the Lignin Properties
ChemSusChem, 2013AbstractThe development of technologies to tune lignin properties for high‐performance lignin‐based materials is crucial for the utilization of lignin in various applications. Here, the effect of methanol (MeOH) fractionation on the molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, glass transition temperature (Tg), thermal decomposition, and chemical ...
Tomonori, Saito +6 more
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Lignin-based carbon fibers: Oxidative thermostabilization of kraft lignin
Carbon, 2005Abstract The thermostabilization of lignin fibers used as precursors for carbon fibers was studied at temperatures up to 340 °C at various heating rates in the presence of air. The glass transition temperature ( T g ) of the thermally treated lignin varied inversely with hydrogen content and was found to be independent of heating rate or oxidation ...
J.L. Braun, K.M. Holtman, J.F. Kadla
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