Phylogenetic tree of Litopterna and Perissodactyla indicates a complex early history of hoofed mammals. [PDF]
Sci Rep, 2020 The Litopterna is an extinct clade of endemic South American ungulates that range from Paleocene up to late Pleistocene times. Because of their unique anatomy, litopterns are of uncertain phylogenetic affinities. However, some nineteenth century authors,
Chimento NR, Agnolin FL.
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Pleistocene South American native ungulates (Notoungulata and Litopterna) of the historical Roth collections in Switzerland, from the Pampean Region of Argentina [PDF]
Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 2023 The fossil collections made by early explorers in South America have been fundamental to reveal the past diversity of extinct mammals and unravel their evolutionary history.
Juan D. Carrillo, Hans P. Püschel
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A Postura Locomotora de Protolipterna ellipsodontoides Cifelli, 1983 (Mammalia: Litopterna:Protolipternidae) da Bacia de São José de Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro (Paleoceno superior). [PDF]
Anuário do Instituto de Geociências, 2007 The Litopterna is a group of endemic South America ungulates that lived from Late Paleocene (Itaboraiense)to Late Pleistocene (Lujanense). The order is divided in two large groups based on dental features: the Bunolipterna,in which the Protolipternidae ...
Ana Carolina Fortes Bastos +1 more
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Macraucheniidae y Proterotheriidae (Mammalia, Litopterna) de Quebrada Fiera (Oligoceno tardío), Mendoza, Argentina [PDF]
Andean Geology, 2019 In this contribution we present new specimens of Litopterna recovered during the last decade in Quebrada Fiera (Mendoza Province, Argentina), whose fossiliferous sediments, currently recognized as the base of Agua de la Piedra Formation, are assignable ...
Cerdeño Serrano, Maria Esperanza +2 more
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Social behavior of proterotheriid ungulates revealed by mammal tracksites in northwest Argentina [PDF]
Scientific ReportsTwo Late Miocene tracksites in Argentina—Toro Negro and Huayquerías formations—preserve over 300 fossil footprints, offering new ichnological insights into the behavior of extinct South American ungulates.
Rocío B. Vera +2 more
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New Miocene litoptern remains from Colombia and ecological structure of American Neogene herbivore guilds [PDF]
BMC ZoologyBackground The Middle Miocene fauna of La Venta, Colombia, offers a grand opportunity to understand low-latitude South American ecosystems prior to the late Cenozoic Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI).
Andrew J. McGrath +6 more
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Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, 2023 The Río Loro Formation (early Paleogene, Tucumán Province, northwestern Argentina) has yielded several endemic vertebrates, including turtles, crocodiles, and mammals.
Luis Sebastián Saade +4 more
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Quaternary, 2023 This is an updated contribution to the Quaternary geology and paleontology from central-western Argentina, focused on San Luis Province. It is mostly based on unpublished data; only some fossils had previously been briefly mentioned in broader faunal ...
Esperanza Cerdeño +2 more
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Out of Africa: A New Afrotheria Lineage Rises From Extinct South American Mammals
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2021 The South American native ungulates (SANUs) are usually overlooked in Eutherian phylogenetic studies. In the rare studies where they were included, the diversity of SANUs was underrated, keeping their evolutionary history poorly known.
Leonardo S. Avilla +4 more
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Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, 2017 South American native ungulates include several extinct lineages that evolved within the context of South American Cenozoic geographic isolation. By the late early Miocene Santacrucian Age, the orders Notoungulata, Litopterna, and Astrapotheria were ...
Guillermo H. Cassini +2 more
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