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Athena - A possible first step in a program of human Mars exploration
32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, 1996 This paper discusses the "Athena" mission, a concept for an initial piloted mission to Mars that could be launched at low cost in the very near future. Athena is a double flyby, which uses two Mars gravity assist maneuvers to allow a round trip Mars mission to be performed with a single minimum energy trans-Mars injection burn.
Robert Zubrin
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“Mars on $300K a day”: The Mars exploration program
Acta Astronautica, 1996 Abstract The Mars Exploration Program is pioneering a series of “better, faster, cheaper” missions to Mars over at least the next 10 years, and possibly well into the 21st century. The overall cost of the program is somewhat over $100M per year, including launch vehicles and operations, for two launches every 26 months. (This works out to about $300K
Donna L. Shirley
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Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group Goal One: Determine If Life Ever Arose on Mars
Astrobiology, 2010 The Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) maintains a standing document that articulates scientific community goals, objectives, and priorities for mission-enabled Mars science. Each of the goals articulated within the document is periodically revisited and updated.
Tori M. Hoehler, Francès Westall
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Mars Exploration Rover Thermal Test Program Overview
SAE Technical Paper Series, 2004 <div class="htmlview paragraph">In January 2004, two Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) landed on the surface of Mars to begin their mission as robotic geologists. A year prior to these historic landings, both rovers and the spacecraft that delivered them to Mars, were completing a series of environmental tests in facilities at the Jet Propulsion ...
Michael Pauken +4 more
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Mechanisms for Lowering Tethered Payloads: Lessons Learned from the Mars Exploration Program
2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference, 2008 Compact, lightweight, highly reliable lowering devices capable of paying out tether to lower a payload some number of meters with exacting performance, from a balloon or a parachute or part of a spacecraft, typically appear in systems so unique that there is little historical precedent to build upon when preparing designs.
Michael Gradziel +1 more
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Space technology and applications international forum (STAIF - 97), 1997
The Mars Exploration Program was initiated in 1994. It currently consists of a Discovery mission (Mars Pathfinder which will land in 1997) and the Mars Surveyor Program. The objectives of the Mars Surveyor Program are to launch 2 robotic missions every 26 months to address the three themes of Life, Climate, and Resources, with the focus of initial ...
Donna L. Shirley, Norm R. Haynes
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The Mars Exploration Program was initiated in 1994. It currently consists of a Discovery mission (Mars Pathfinder which will land in 1997) and the Mars Surveyor Program. The objectives of the Mars Surveyor Program are to launch 2 robotic missions every 26 months to address the three themes of Life, Climate, and Resources, with the focus of initial ...
Donna L. Shirley, Norm R. Haynes
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An international Mars Exploration Program
Acta Astronautica, 1990The scientific reasons for a Mars exploration program are reviewed, and the robotic phase of such a program is examined. The functions and requirements of the rovers, surface stations and penetrators are addressed, as are those of the imaging and communications orbiters.
Donald G. Rea +3 more
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Athena - A potential first step in a program of human Mars exploration
Space Programs and Technologies Conference, 1996 Robert Zubrin
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Following the water, the new program for Mars exploration
Acta Astronautica, 2002In the wake of the loss of Mars Climate Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander in late 1999, NASA embarked on a major review of the failures and subsequently restructured all aspects of what was then called the Mars Surveyor Program--now renamed the Mars Exploration Program.
G Scott, Hubbard +2 more
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Italian participation in the Mars exploration program
Advances in Space Research, 2001Recently agreements have been signed between the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and ESA and NASA for the exploration of Mars. These agreements initiate the participation of the Italian scientific community as well as the Italian industrial community in the international program to explore Mars.
Coradini, A. +8 more
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