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The Martian surface

Reviews of Geophysics, 1987
The past four years have been particularly fruitful for Martian research as the enormous volumes of data collected during the Viking mission became readily available to the general science community, and as reformatting of the remote sensing data into cartographic products made the data more useable.
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The composition of the Martian surface

Icarus, 1964
Abstract It is generally believed that the desert areas of Mars are composed of limonite. This model of the surface, while based upon polarimetric, spectrometric, color, and albedo measurements, contradicts a reasonable geologic model. An examination of the evidence for limonite on Mars shows that the above measurements are ambiguous.
Roger A. Van Tassel, John W. Salisbury
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A calculation of the radiation environment on the Martian surface

Life Sciences in Space Research, 2017
In this work, the radiation environment on the Martian surface, as produced by galactic cosmic radiation incident on the atmosphere, is modeled using the Monte Carlo radiation transport code, High Energy Transport Code-Human Exploration and Development in Space (HETC-HEDS).
Wouter C, de Wet, Lawrence W, Townsend
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Martian surface simulations

Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 1993
Computer generated surfaces have been created to aid in imaging, landing and rover studies for Mars and the moon. They are also being applied to the study of cratering histories. The surfaces are generated in steps which attempt to mimic geologic episodes.
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Digital Topography Models for Martian Surfaces

IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2005
We propose to use an unsupervised automated classification of topographic features on Mars in order to speed up geomorphic and geologic mapping of the planet. We construct a digital topography model (DTM), a multilayer grid that stores various kinds of topographical information for every pixel in a site.
Tomasz F. Stepinski, Ricardo Vilalta
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The morphology of the Martian surface

Space Science Reviews, 1980
Most of the southern hemisphere of Mars is densely cratered and stands 1–3 km above the topographic datum. The northern hemisphere is more sparsely cratered and elevations are generally below the datum. A broad rise, the Tharsis bulge, centered at 14° S, 101° W, is 8000 km across and 10 km above the datum at its summit. The densely cratered terrain has
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The Martian Surface

2008
Phenomenal new observations from Earth-based telescopes and Mars-based orbiters, landers, and rovers have dramatically advanced our understanding of the past environments on Mars. These include the first global-scale infrared and reflectance spectroscopic maps of the surface, leading to the discovery of key minerals indicative of specific past climate ...
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Coupled Ferric Oxides and Sulfates on the Martian Surface

Science, 2007
The Mars Exploration Rover (MER), Opportunity, showed that layered sulfate deposits in Meridiani Planum formed during a period of rising acidic ground water. Crystalline hematite spherules formed in the deposits as a consequence of aqueous alteration and were concentrated on the surface as a lag deposit as wind eroded the softer sulfate rocks.
Bibring, J.-P.   +11 more
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The martian surface.

Science (New York, N.Y.), 2010
With the scarcity of factual data and the difficulty of applying crucial tests, many of the properties of the Martian surface remain a mystery; the planet may become a source of great surprises in the future. In the following, the conclusions are enumerated more or less in the order of their reliability, the more certain ones first, conjectures or ...
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Permafrost features on the martian surface

Icarus, 1968
Abstract Permanently frozen ground may be a distinct possibility in all latitudes on Mars. Mean shallow subsurface temperatures are below the freezing point of water. Given a supply of water, either meteoric or juvenile, minor topographic features will develop in permafrost areas.
F.Alton Wade, Jane Negus De Wys
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