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Martian surface simulations

Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 1993
Computer generated surfaces have been created to aid in imaging, landing and rover studies for Mars and the moon. They are also being applied to the study of cratering histories. The surfaces are generated in steps which attempt to mimic geologic episodes.
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Digital Topography Models for Martian Surfaces

IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2005
We propose to use an unsupervised automated classification of topographic features on Mars in order to speed up geomorphic and geologic mapping of the planet. We construct a digital topography model (DTM), a multilayer grid that stores various kinds of topographical information for every pixel in a site.
Tomasz F. Stepinski, Ricardo Vilalta
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A calculation of the radiation environment on the Martian surface

Life Sciences in Space Research, 2017
In this work, the radiation environment on the Martian surface, as produced by galactic cosmic radiation incident on the atmosphere, is modeled using the Monte Carlo radiation transport code, High Energy Transport Code-Human Exploration and Development in Space (HETC-HEDS).
Wouter C, de Wet, Lawrence W, Townsend
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The Martian Surface

2008
Phenomenal new observations from Earth-based telescopes and Mars-based orbiters, landers, and rovers have dramatically advanced our understanding of the past environments on Mars. These include the first global-scale infrared and reflectance spectroscopic maps of the surface, leading to the discovery of key minerals indicative of specific past climate ...
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Coupled Ferric Oxides and Sulfates on the Martian Surface

Science, 2007
The Mars Exploration Rover (MER), Opportunity, showed that layered sulfate deposits in Meridiani Planum formed during a period of rising acidic ground water. Crystalline hematite spherules formed in the deposits as a consequence of aqueous alteration and were concentrated on the surface as a lag deposit as wind eroded the softer sulfate rocks.
Bibring, J.-P.   +11 more
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Permafrost features on the martian surface

Icarus, 1968
Abstract Permanently frozen ground may be a distinct possibility in all latitudes on Mars. Mean shallow subsurface temperatures are below the freezing point of water. Given a supply of water, either meteoric or juvenile, minor topographic features will develop in permafrost areas.
F.Alton Wade, Jane Negus De Wys
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The martian surface.

Science (New York, N.Y.), 2010
With the scarcity of factual data and the difficulty of applying crucial tests, many of the properties of the Martian surface remain a mystery; the planet may become a source of great surprises in the future. In the following, the conclusions are enumerated more or less in the order of their reliability, the more certain ones first, conjectures or ...
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On the composition of martian surface materials

Icarus, 1967
Abstract Observations were made of Mars with the birefringent interferometer. These observations when combined with spectra of the Sun show that Mars has an extremely strong band at 3.1 μ. This band is presumably produced by hydrated minerals on the surface of Mars.
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Weathering of Martian Surface Rocks

1986
The early 1960s marked the beginning of an extremely important trend in Martian investigation, i.e., exploration by space missions. From 1962 to 1976 more than a dozen spacecraft in the framework Mars, Mariner, and Viking space missions were launched, providing new and important data on the composition and structure of the Martian atmosphere and soil ...
Yu. I. Sidorov, M. Yu. Zolotov
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A model of interaction of Phobos’ surface with the martian environment

Icarus, 2011
Abstract We simulate space weathering of Phobos’ surface due to both sputtering by solar wind ions (H+ and He2+) and planetary protons, and surface material vaporization by micrometeoroids impact. Assuming an Iron-rich composition of Phobos’ regolith, we find that densities of neutral species (Fe, O, Al, Ca, Mg, Na) in the martian environment are in ...
Cipriani, Fabrice   +4 more
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