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Masses and Mass-To-Light Ratios of Galaxies

Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1979
Is there more to a galaxy than meets the eye (or can be seen on a photo­ graph)? Many decades ago, Zwicky (1933) and Smith (1936) showed that if the Virgo cluster of galaxies is bound, the total mass must considerably exceed the sum of the masses of the individual member galaxies; i.e. there appeared to be "missing mass" in the cluster.
S. M. Faber, J. S. Gallagher
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On the mass ratio of Capella

Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 1991
High-dispersion spectrograms of Capella have been measured by cross correlation with a similar spectrogram of beta Aquarii in order to determine the velocity amplitudes of both components. A mass ratio of 1.025 ± 0.028, the component with the sharper spectral lines being marginally the more massive, is found. The total mass of the system is found to be
Alan H. Batten, Graham Hill, Wenxian Lu
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Proton-electron mass ratio and the electron's "Atomic Mass"

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1995
The UW Penning trap mass spectrometer has been used to improve the values for the electron's atomic mass and the proton-electron mass ratio. The cyclotron frequency of small clouds of /spl les/15 electrons is compared with the cyclotron frequency of a single trapped carbon ion (C/sup 6+/) in order to determine their relative mass ratio.
R.S. Van Dyck   +2 more
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Periodic orbits near ?4 for mass ratios near the critical mass ratio of routh

Celestial Mechanics, 1971
The Hamiltonian for orbits near ℒ4 and mass ratios near μ1 is brought into a normal form. A theorem shows that two coefficients in this expansion predict the behavior of the periodic orbits.
Meyer, K. R., Schmidt, D. S.
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Current-Mass Ratios of the Light Quarks

Physical Review Letters, 1986
We investigate the current-mass ratios of the light quarks by fitting the squared meson masses to second order in chiral-symmetry breaking, determining corrections to Weinberg's first-order values: m/sub u//m/sub d/ = 0.56, m/sub s//m/sub d/ = 20.1. We find that to this order, m/sub s//m/sub d/ is a known function of m/sub u//m/sub d/.
, Kaplan, , Manohar
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Mass-Ratio and Masses. Harmonic Relation

1981
(a) Fractional mass, mass-ratio. Harmonic relation. The fractional mass B = ℳB/(ℳA + ℳB), and hence the mass ratio ℳB/ℳA are thus obtained from observational material covering sufficient orbital motion (curvature), to separate it from the proper motion and if necessary from the quadratic time effect of the barycenter.
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Quark-lepton mass ratio in technicolor

Physical Review Letters, 1988
QCD corrections may substantially enhance a techniquark condensate relative to a technilepton condensate when the technicolor ..beta.. function is small. This enhancement factor appears in quark-lepton mass ratios. There is much less enhancement of the techniquark-technilepton mass ratio.
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ON ThE OPTIMUM MASS RATIOS OF STEP-ROCKETS

Acta Mathematica Scientia, 1984
The author outlines a method for determining the optimum mass ratios of step rockets. He begins with the same minimum problem and hypothesis of \textit{M. L. Williams} [J. British Interplanetary Soc. 15, 94-97 (1956)] and shows with a counter example that the problem of the extreme point and the optimality of mass ratios are not the same.
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