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Bisphosphonate mechanism of action
Current Rheumatology Reports, 2002Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) are potent inhibitors of bone resorption widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone degrading disorders. At the tissue level, N-BPs reduce bone turnover, increase bone mass and mineralization, measured clinically as a rise in bone mineral density, increase bone strength and reduce fracture ...
Gideon A. Rodan, Alfred A. Reszka
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Nrf2–ARE signaling in cellular protection: Mechanism of action and the regulatory mechanisms
Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2020Oxidative stress is the increase in cellular oxidant concentration in comparison to antioxidant titer. Toxic insults and many other diseased conditions are mediated through the formation of such condition.
Pallab Shaw, A. Chattopadhyay
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Mechanisms of antihormone action
The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1992The mechanisms of action of two types of anti-hormones is discussed. Type I anti-hormones comprise the antiestrogen hydroxy-tamoxifen and the antiprogestin RU486, both of which promote DNA binding of the cognate receptors and, due to the activity of one of the two transcription activation functions of the estrogen and progesterone receptors, act as ...
Gronemeyer, H. +11 more
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Trastuzumab--mechanism of action and use in clinical practice.
New England Journal of Medicine, 2007Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) in breast cancer is associated with decreased overall survival. Trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets HER2, is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for ...
C. Hudis
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Mechanisms of action of nitrates
Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy, 1994Glyceryl trinitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, and isosorbide-5-mononitrate are organic nitrate esters commonly used in the treatment of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure. Organic nitrate esters have a direct relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscles, and the dilation of coronary vessels improves oxygen supply to the ...
Kristina Torfgård, Johan Ahlner
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Mechanism of action and in vivo role of platelet-derived growth factor.
Physiological Reviews, 1999Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a major mitogen for connective tissue cells and certain other cell types. It is a dimeric molecule consisting of disulfide-bonded, structurally similar A- and B-polypeptide chains, which combine to homo- and ...
C. Heldin, B. Westermark
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The Action Principles in Mechanics
1992We begin this chapter with the definition of the action functional as time integral over the Lagrangian \(L(q_{i}(t),\dot{q}_{i}(t);t)\) of a dynamical system: $$\displaystyle{ S\left \{[q_{i}(t)];t_{1},t_{2}\right \} =\int _{ t_{1}}^{t_{2} }dt\,L(q_{i}(t),\dot{q}_{i}(t);t)\;. }$$
Walter Dittrich, Martin Reuter
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Mechanisms of Action of Vanadium [PDF]
Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1984 Vanadium is widely distributed, the twenty-first most abundant element in the Earth's crust, with an average content of 135 ppm. In sea water, vanadium ranks thirty-fourth in abundance, with an average concentration of only 2 ppb. Because it evolved as an essential element for certain forms of life and also because of its wide industrial use, the ...
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The mechanism of action of insulin
Ergebnisse der Physiologie Biologischen Chemie und Experimentellen Pharmakologie, 1955At the present time when the chemical exploration of the insulin molecule has yielded spectacular results (257–259) the physiology of its action is still a matter of speculation. Yet in this field, too, much new knowledge has been gained, mainly by the application of new techniques, such as the use of isotopes and in vitro studies with surviving ...
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The Mechanisms of Action of Cyclosporine
Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America, 1989CS most probably manifests its immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting the synthesis of IL-2 and other lymphokine mRNAs during the process of T-cell activation. The detailed molecular events involved in CS's inhibition of mRNA synthesis are not known, but it is likely that the drug prevents transduction of the mitogenic signal from the cell surface to ...
B Ruffel, B M Foxwell
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