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Release of formaldehyde and melamine from tableware made of melamine — formaldehyde resin

Food Additives and Contaminants, 1990
The relationship between the concentrations of formaldehyde and melamine released into 4% acetic acid from dishes and bowls made of melamine-formaldehyde resin was determined. The average concentrations in the migration solution after the sample had been treated at 60, 80, and 95 degrees C for 30 min with 4% acetic acid were 0.0 +/- 0.1, 0.5 +/- 0.4 ...
T, Sugita, H, Ishiwata, K, Yoshihira
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Mechanical properties of melamine-formaldehyde microcapsules

Journal of Microencapsulation, 2001
The mechanical properties of melamine-formaldehyde (M-F) microcapsules were studied using a micromanipulation technique. Single microcapsules with diameters of 1-12 microm were compressed and held between two parallel planes, compressed and released, and compressed to burst at different speeds, whilst the force being imposed on the microcapsules and ...
G, Sun, Z, Zhang
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Thermal degradation of melamine-formaldehyde resins

Journal of Biochemical Toxicology, 1963
AbstractThermal degradation of three melamine‐formaldehyde resins in air at temperatures from 150° to 350° has been studied by thermogravimetric and infra‐red analysis. Weight loss is markedly dependent on particle size and, for a given temperature and time, appears to increase with decreasing melamine/formaldehyde ratio. This suggests that degradation
W. R. Moore, E. Donnelly
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Formaldehyde‐negative allergic contact dermatitis from melamine‐formaldehyde resin

Contact Dermatitis, 2003
Melamine‐formaldehyde resin (MFR) is used as a textile finish, in tableware, in surface coatings, and in glues in the furniture and wood industry. MFR is considered to be an infrequent sensitizer. Contact allergy to MFR is often combined with formaldehyde allergy.
K, Aalto-Korte, R, Jolanki, T, Estlander
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Colloidal aggregation of aminoplastic polycondensation resins: Urea–formaldehyde versus melamine–formaldehyde and melamine–urea–formaldehyde resins

Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2006
AbstractColloidal particles formation followed by their clustering have been shown to be the normal way of ageing of aminoplastic resins, namely urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins, melamine–formaldehyde (MF) resins, and melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF) resins. Ageing or further advancement of the resin by other means such as longer condensation times causes
A. Despres, A. Pizzi
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Urea–Formaldehyde and Melamine–Formaldehyde Polymers

1989
According to Meyer1 the history of urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins can be divided into five different periods: (i) Synthesis of the raw materials urea and formaldehyde. This period started with the synthesis of urea by Wohler in 1824. Formaldehyde was first recognized by Butlerov in 1859 when attempting to synthesize methanediol.
Dietrich Braun, Hans-Josef Ritzert
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Pyrolysis of melamine–formaldehyde and urea–formaldehyde resins

Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1991
AbstractPyrolysis of melamine–formaldehyde and urea–formaldehyde resins in helium and air was investigated by means of TG and gravimetry with isothermal heating, as well as elemental and HCN analyses. Weight loss curves suggest three kinds of reactions involved in the pyrolysis, namely, initiation reactions, reactions splitting off volatile fragments ...
Toshimi Hirata   +2 more
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Strukturuntersuchungen an Melamin‐Formaldehyd‐Reaktionsprodukten

Die Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie, 1974
AbstractZwei unmodifizierte technische Melamin‐Formaldehyd‐Harze wurden mit N‐Diäthyltrimethylsilylamin umgesetzt und danach gelchromatographiert. Durch IR‐und NMR‐ Spektroskopie der Fraktionen konnte gezeigt werden, daß in alkalisch hergestellten Harzen die Melamin‐Kerne durch Methylenätherbrücken verknüpft sind.Durch die Umsetzung von Melamin ...
Von D. Braun, V. Legradić
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Carbon fiber reinforced melamine‐formaldehyde

Polymer Composites, 2003
AbstractNew composites based on carbon fiber (cf) and melamine‐formaldehyde (MF) are presented. Composites were manufactured by pressing stacked planar random veils (webs) or unidirectionally (UD) arranged fibers, and MF impregnated thin cellulose sheets. Non‐vented pressing for 60 s was used.
B. Voigt   +4 more
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Physical gelation of water‐borne thermosetting resins by percolation theory—Urea‐formaldehyde, melamine‐urea‐formaldehyde, and melamine‐formaldehyde resins

Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 2008
AbstractPercolation and effective‐medium theories are applied for calculating the connectivity threshold of colloid particles of given shapes, observed during the physical gelation, distinguished from chemical gelation, of aminoplastic resins. The rigidity threshold, being the critical solid fraction at which a rigid network is first formed, was also ...
Celzard, A., Pizzi, Antonio, Fierro, V.
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