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Rational Engineering of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase via Substrate Pocket Redesign and Electron Transfer Optimization for Efficient Bioelectrosynthesis of Lactobionic Acid

ChemElectroChem, Volume 13, Issue 20, 16 October 2026.
Structure‐guided substrate‐pocket engineering and electron‐transfer optimization are integrated to enhance cellobiose dehydrogenase for lactose oxidation. The N313D mutation strengthens substrate‐binding interactions, and A165C and W316H improve electron transfer.
Xinyu Cui, Haiyan Song, Yuanming Wang, Zepeng Kang, Hao Su, Lingling Zhang, Zhiguang Zhu   +6 more
wiley   +1 more source

Dynamic Analysis of Modular Multilevel Converters

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2013
Theory for the dynamics of modular multilevel converters is developed in this paper. It is shown that the sum capacitor voltage in each arm often can be considered instead of the individual capacitor voltages, thereby significantly reducing the complexity of the system model.
Lennart Harnefors, Antonios Antonopoulos, Staffan Norrga, Lennart Angquist, Hans-Peter Nee   +4 more
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The Multilevel Modular DC Converter

IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2013
The modular multilevel converter (M2C) has become an increasingly important topology in medium- and high-voltage applications. A limitation is that it relies on positive and negative half-cycles of the ac output voltage waveform to achieve charge balance on the submodule capacitors.
exaly   +2 more sources

On Energy Storage Requirements in Modular Multilevel Converters

IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014
The modular multilevel converter is a promising topology for high-voltage and high-power applications. By using submodules equipped with dc-capacitors excellent output voltage waveforms can be obtained at low switching frequencies.
Hans-Peter Nee, Lennart Harnefors, Staffan Norrga   +2 more
exaly   +2 more sources

Multisampling in interleaved converters and modular multilevel converters

IECON 2016 - 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2016
This paper presents a method for sampling the analog variables and running the controller in multi-cell converters with a frequency higher than the switching frequency. First we introduce the multi-cell converters and highlight their similarities. Next we describe the devised method and explain the strategy to avoid simultaneous sampling and switching ...
Tomás Perpetuo Corrêa, Oliver König, Roland Greul   +2 more
openaire   +1 more source

Capacitor monitoring for modular multilevel converters

IECON 2017 - 43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2017
The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is attractive for medium-or high-power applications because of the advantages of its high modularity, availability, and high power quality. Reliability is one of the most important challenges for the MMC consisting of a large number of submodules (SMs).
Fujin Deng, Dong Liu 0006, Yanbo Wang 0002, Zhe Chen 0007, Ming Cheng 0001, Qingsong Wang 0001   +5 more
openaire   +1 more source

The New Family of High Step Ratio Modular Multilevel DC-DC Converters [PDF]

, 2015
This paper presents a family of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) for high step ratio dc-dc conversion. The modular multilevel unidirectional step-down dc-dc converter topologies are presented.
Xiaotian Zhang, Timothy Green
exaly   +2 more sources

Capacitor selection for modular multilevel converter

2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2014
Submodule (SM) capacitor is a key component in a modular multilevel converter (MMC), the selection of which must consider the component’s specifications and the requirements of the targeted converter application. This paper focuses on the capacitor selection for MMCs in applications including high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission and static ...
Yuan Tang, Li Ran, Olayiwola Alatise, Philip Mawby   +3 more
openaire   +1 more source

Impedance modeling of modular multilevel converters

IECON 2015 - 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2015
The impedance modeling of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) is a prerequisite for applying the impedance-based stability analysis method to an MMC-based high-voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) transmission system. The objective of this paper is to develop impedance models of a three-phase MMC in order to assess its stability.
Jing Lyu, Xu Cai, Marta Molinas
openaire   +2 more sources

The delta configured modular multilevel converter

2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), 2016
The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become an attractive option for dc/ac conversion in many power system applications, in particular, for HVDC transmission. Due to its parallel arrangement of phase legs, the MMC is known to be a wye-configured architecture.
G. J. Kish, R. Shi, P. W. Lehn
openaire   +1 more source