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The Energy Benefits of the Pantograph Wing Mechanism in Flapping Flight: Case Study of a Gull [PDF]

, 2015
Bird wings generally contain a 4-bar pantograph mechanism in the forearm that enables the wrist joint to be actuated from the elbow joint thus reducing the number of wing muscles and hence reducing the wing inertia and inertial drag.
Sattler, Gene D.
core   +2 more sources

Muscling In on Cancer [PDF]

New England Journal of Medicine, 2016
Investigators recently described a study of mouse models of cancer, in which they found that contracting muscle fibers synthesize an anticancer myokine, interleukin-6.
Lucía Mulas, Alejandro, Ramírez, Manuel   +1 more
openaire   +4 more sources

Musculoskeletal modelling of an ostrich (Struthio camelus) pelvic limb: influence of limb orientation on muscular capacity during locomotion [PDF]

, 2015
We developed a three-dimensional, biomechanical computer model of the 36 major pelvic limb muscle groups in an ostrich (Struthio camelus) to investigate muscle function in this, the largest of extant birds and model organism for many studies of locomotor
Delp, S L, Hutchinson, J R, Rankin, J W, Rosenbluth, K H, Rubenson, J, Siston, R A   +5 more
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Fatigue and Recovery from Dynamic Contractions in Men and Women Differ for Arm and Leg Muscles [PDF]

, 2013
Introduction: Whether there is a gender difference in fatigue and recovery from maximal velocity fatiguing contractions and across muscles is not understood.
Avin, Avin, Billaut, Billaut, Borg, Caiozzo, Callahan, Christie, Dalton, Dalton, Gandevia, Hunter, Hunter, Hunter, Hunter, Hunter, Hunter, Hunter, Johnson, Keller, Kent-Braun, Kriska, Martin, Maughan, Munn, Pincivero, Rooney, Wust, Yoon   +28 more
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The scaling of postcranial muscles in cats (Felidae) I: forelimb, cervical, and thoracic muscles [PDF]

, 2016
The body masses of cats (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae) span a ~300‐fold range from the smallest to largest species. Despite this range, felid musculoskeletal anatomy remains remarkably conservative, including the maintenance of a crouched limb posture at
Adams, Alexander, Alexander, Alexander, Alexander, Alexander, Anyonge, Barclay, Biewener, Biewener, Biewener, Blazevich, Blomberg, Calow, Campione, Carbone, Cavagna, Christiansen, Cuff, Cuff, Cutts, Day, Doube, Elliott, Felsenstein, Fischer, Garland, German, Gonyea, Goslow, Gálvez-Lopéz, Hammer, Heglund, Hildebrand, Hildebrand, Hudson, Hudson, Ilin, Johnson, Jones, Jones, Keller, Kembel, Kitchener, Kleiman, Koob, Lewis, Leyhausen, Leyhausen, Long, Meachen, Meachen-Samuels, Meachen-Samuels, Meachen-Samuels, Mendez, Molnar, Payne, Peigné, Pierce, Piras, Pollock, Pollock, R Core Team, Randau, Randau, Rasmussen, Ren, Russell, Schaller, Schaller, Smith, Smith, Smith, Sokal, Sunquist, Ueda, Warton, Weyand, Witte, Zhang   +79 more
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Capillary muscle [PDF]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2015
Significance The force generated by a muscle decreases when its contraction velocity increases. This rheology follows the heuristic Hill’s equation. Here, we design and study a capillary analog in which the myosin–actin interaction is replaced by the wetting affinity between a Newtonian silicone oil and a steel rod.
Cohen, Caroline, Mouterde, Timothée, Quéré, David, Clanet, Christophe   +3 more
openaire   +4 more sources

Skeletal Muscle Ultrasonography and Muscle Fitness Relationships: Effects of Scanning Plane and Echogenicity Correction

Muscles, 2023
This study examines the relationships between ultrasonography measurements of skeletal muscle size and echo intensity (EI) with muscle strength and local muscle endurance in a habitually resistance-trained population.
Caleb Voskuil, Monique Dudar, Yan Zhang, Joshua Carr   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

Does a SLAP lesion affect shoulder muscle recruitment as measured by EMG activity during a rugby tackle? [PDF]

, 2010
Background: The study objective was to assess the influence of a SLAP lesion on onset of EMG activity in shoulder muscles during a front on rugby football tackle within professional rugby players.
A Bathgate, A Burkhart, A Cresswell, AL Miller, BD Wilson, CD Morgan, Christer Rolf, CM Powers, Conley, DA Watters, DC Hughes, DF Gerrard, DJ Wadsworth, FH Fu, G David, G Fleisig, G Jull, GM Gartsman, H Seward, HC Hsu, Ian G Horsley, ID Gowan, J Ide, J Jerosch, J Oveson, J Towsend, JB Myers, JD Grauer, JHM Brooks, JR Andrews, JT Bencardino, KL Quarrie, L Herrington, Lee C Herrington, LG Portney, M Allegrucci, M Garraway, M Solomonow, MI Scovazzo, MJ Pagnani, MJ Pagnani, MW Maffett, MW Rodosky, N Gibb, N Poulliart, N Sharkey, P Hodges, P Hodges, PB O'Sullivan, PJ Bedford, PJ McMahon, PJ McNair, R Glouseman, R Glousman, R Lysens, RA Ekstrom, RG DeMont, RW Norman, S Conte, S Taimela, SA Hess, SB Swanik, SJ Snyder, SK Saha, TH Mercer, V Dietz, VT Inman, W Van Mechelen, WB Kibler, WH Meeuwisse, WH Meeuwisse   +70 more
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Muscle versus Snail: Muscle wins [PDF]

Journal of Cell Biology, 2016
Epithelial–mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) are often governed by the transcription factor Snail and entail the loss of apical junctions from epithelial cells. In this issue, Weng and Wieschaus (2016. J Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201508056) report that actomyosin contractility can strengthen junctions to override Snail-dependent junctional ...
Ulrich Tepass, Sérgio Simões
openaire   +3 more sources

Mechanisms underlying the production of carapace vibrations and associated waterborne sounds in the American lobster, Homarus americanus [PDF]

, 2005
American lobsters produce carapace vibrations, which also lead to waterborne acoustic signals, by simultaneously contracting the antagonistic remotor and promotor muscles located at the base of the second antenna.
Henninger, Heidi Pye, Watson, Winsor H., III   +1 more
core   +2 more sources