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Complex Homology and the Evolution of Nervous Systems [PDF]

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2016
We examine the complex evolution of animal nervous systems and discuss the ramifications of this complexity for inferring the nature of early animals. Although reconstructing the origins of nervous systems remains a central challenge in biology, and the phenotypic complexity of early animals remains controversial, a compelling picture is emerging.
Benjamin J, Liebeskind, David M, Hillis, Harold H, Zakon, Hans A, Hofmann   +3 more
openaire   +2 more sources

The neuromuscular system of Pycnophyes kielensis (Kinorhyncha: Allomalorhagida) investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy

EvoDevo, 2016
Background Kinorhynchs are ecdysozoan animals with a phylogenetic position close to priapulids and loriciferans. To understand the nature of segmentation within Kinorhyncha and to infer a probable ancestry of segmentation within the last common ancestor ...
Andreas Altenburger
doaj   +1 more source

The development of early pioneer neurons in the annelid Malacoceros fuliginosus

BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2020
Background Nervous system development is an interplay of many processes: the formation of individual neurons, which depends on whole-body and local patterning processes, and the coordinated growth of neurites and synapse formation.
Suman Kumar, Sharat Chandra Tumu, Conrad Helm, Harald Hausen   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

Slit-Robo expression in the leech nervous system: insights into eyespot evolution

Cell & Bioscience, 2023
Background Slit and Robo are evolutionarily conserved ligand and receptor proteins, respectively, but the number of slit and robo gene paralogs varies across recent bilaterian genomes.
Hee-Jin Kwak, Brenda I. Medina-Jiménez, Soon Cheol Park, Jung-Hyeuk Kim, Geon-Hwi Jeong, Mi-Jeong Jeon, Sangil Kim, Jung-Woong Kim, David A. Weisblat, Sung-Jin Cho   +9 more
doaj   +1 more source

Within-family plasticity of nervous system architecture in Syllidae (Annelida, Errantia)

Frontiers in Zoology, 2020
Background The ground pattern underlying the nervous system of the last common ancestor in annelids was long thought to be settled, consisting of a dorsal brain, circumoesophageal connectives and a subepithelial, ladder-like ventral nerve cord with ...
Hannah Schmidbaur, Thomas Schwaha, Rico Franzkoch, Günter Purschke, Gerhard Steiner   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source

Central Nervous System Neuroblastoma, FOXR2‐Activated: A Pooled Analysis of Published Clinical Outcomes

Pediatric Blood &Cancer, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Background Central nervous system (CNS) neuroblastoma, FOXR2‐activated, is a recently recognized entity in the WHO CNS5 classification, defined by activation of the FOXR2 transcription factor and unique histopathological features. This review synthesizes available literature and pooled clinical data, providing insight into demographics ...
Sudarshawn Damodharan, Mohamed S. Abdelbaki   +1 more
wiley   +1 more source

Prevalence of 21 Physician‐Defined Severe Toxicities Following Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment: Australian Retrospective Cohort Study

Pediatric Blood &Cancer, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer, with an overall survival now surpassing 90% in developed countries. However, treatments are not without adverse effects. In this study, we apply the severe toxicity‐free survival (STFS) framework to determine the prevalence of 21 physician‐defined severe ...
Lane Collier, Brittany Grantham, Camilla Grud Nielsen, Louise Lundgren, Liv Andrés‐Jensen, Kjeld Schmiegelow, Chris Selman, Gareth Ball, Elyse Passmore, David A. Elliott, Rachel Conyers   +10 more
wiley   +1 more source

Evolution of astrocytes: From invertebrates to vertebrates

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 2022
The central nervous system (CNS) shows incredible diversity across evolution at the anatomical, cellular, molecular, and functional levels. Over the past decades, neuronal cell number and heterogeneity, together with differences in the number and types ...
Carmen Falcone
doaj   +1 more source

Sustained Therapeutic Efficacy of Intravenous Plasminogen Concentrate in Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Plasminogen Deficiency: An Analysis of Dosing Parameters and Clinical Outcomes

Pediatric Blood &Cancer, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Background Type 1 plasminogen deficiency (PLGD‐1) is an ultra‐rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by variants in the PLG gene and affects approximately 1.6 individuals per million. The condition is characterized by decreased plasminogen levels and impaired function, resulting in fibrin‐rich lesions on mucous membranes throughout the body.
Charles Nakar, Karen Thibaudeau, Mary Mathias, Heather McDaniel, Madlen Reschke, Klaus Tenbrock, Joseph M. Parker, Amy Shapiro   +7 more
wiley   +1 more source

Neurons with larval synaptic targets pioneer the later nervous system in the annelid Malacoceros fuliginosus

Frontiers in Neuroscience
Comparative studies on the development of nervous systems have a significant impact on understanding animal nervous system evolution. Nevertheless, an important question is to what degree neuronal structures, which play an important role in early stages,
Anna Seybold, Anna Seybold, Suman Kumar, Suman Kumar, Sharat Chandra Tumu, Harald Hausen, Harald Hausen   +6 more
doaj   +1 more source