Parallel Accelerating Number Theoretic Transform for Bootstrapping on a Graphics Processing Unit
MathematicsThe bootstrapping procedure has become the main bottleneck affecting the efficiency of all known fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) schemes. The state-of-the-art scheme for efficient bootstrapping, which is called fully homomorphic encryption over the ...
Huixian Li +3 more
doaj +2 more sources
Fiddling the Twiddle Constants - Fault Injection Analysis of the Number Theoretic Transform [PDF]
Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, 2023 In this work, we present the first fault injection analysis of the Number Theoretic Transform (NTT). The NTT is an integral computation unit, widely used for polynomial multiplication in several structured lattice-based key encapsulation mechanisms ...
Prasanna Ravi +4 more
doaj +2 more sources
A Flexible and Parallel Hardware Accelerator for Forward and Inverse Number Theoretic Transform [PDF]
IEEE AccessThis paper demonstrates an efficient and flexible hardware accelerator for polynomial multiplication using number theoretic transform (NTT). The proposed architecture considers flexibility and performance requirements at the same time.
Muhammad Rashid +3 more
doaj +3 more sources
Efficient Number Theoretic Transform Implementation on GPU for Homomorphic Encryption [PDF]
, 2021 Lattice-based cryptography forms the mathematical basis for homomorphic encryption, which allows computation directly on encrypted data. Homomorphic encryption enables privacy-preserving applications such as secure cloud computing; yet, its practical ...
Ahmet Can Mert +4 more
core +2 more sources
NTT and Inverse NTT Quantum Circuits in CRYSTALS-Kyber for Post-Quantum Security Evaluation
Applied Sciences, 2023 The emergence of quantum computers threatens current cryptographic systems, and NIST is preparing for the post-quantum era through the post-quantum cryptography (PQC) contest. CRYSTALS-Kyber is a lattice-based cipher suite that is used as a PQC standard.
Gyeongju Song +4 more
doaj +1 more source
Asymmetric Fragile Watermarking Using a Number Theoretic Transform [PDF]
, 2009 We propose an asymmetric fragile watermarking technique that uses a number theoretic transform (NTT). Signature data is extracted from a watermarked image by determining correlation functions that are computed using the NTT.
Tamori, Hideaki, Yamamoto, Tsuyoshi
core +1 more source
Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) FPGA Accelerator
, 2020 Post-quantum cryptography has become popular in recent years due to advances in quantum computing. Current cryptographic solutions are vulnerable to post-quantum attacks as they can solve computationally hard problems.
Weber, Scott S. +3 more
core +2 more sources
Verification of the (1–δ)-Correctness Proof of CRYSTALS-KYBER with Number Theoretic Transform [PDF]
, 2023 This paper describes a formalization of the specification and the algorithm of the cryptographic scheme CRYSTALS-KYBER as well as the verification of its (1 − δ)-correctness proof.
Katharina Kreuzer
core +1 more source
When to Barrett reduce in the inverse NTT [PDF]
, 2020 We show that lazily Barrett reducing when computing the inverse number theoretic transform (NTT) is ...
Bas Westerbaan
core +1 more source
Optimization of Parallel Number Theoretic Transform Algorithms for Multi-Core Digital Signal Processors [PDF]
Journal of Universal Computer ScienceThe Number Theoretic Transform (NTT), a finite-field variant of FFT, is critical in cryptography and digital signal processing, but its efficiency on FT-M7032 Digital Signal Processors(DSPs) remains suboptimal due to memory bottlenecks and ...
Dingxing Xie +6 more
doaj +3 more sources