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Observations of change in the Southern Ocean

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2006
The Southern Ocean has been in a state of disequilibrium with its atmosphere and cryosphere during recent decades. Ocean station and drifting float observations have revealed rising temperatures in the upper 3000 m. Salinity has declined in intermediate waters and more rapidly in the sparsely sampled high latitudes.
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Observing the ocean in the 1990s

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 1982
Abstract To understand the ocean, its dynamics, its role in climate, weather and other ocean-atmosphere phenomena, one must observe it on a basin-wide scale with adequate time and space resolution. No such observation system yet exists.
Walter Heinrich Munk, Carl Isaac Wunsch
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Observations on plutonium in the oceans

Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 1995
Abstract This review describes various studies of marine plutonium distributions, behaviour and transfer carried out at the Marine Environment Laboratory of IAEA. Plutonium in sea water is primarily present in solution as Pu(V), probably as PuO + 2 , and on particles in reduced form as Pu(IV), most likely as species such as adsorbed Pu(OH) 4 .
M.S. Baxter, S.W. Fowler, P.P. Povinec
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Ocean Observing Needs

2023
The EuroSea project was constructed around the ocean observing value chain. Just as intended, the value chain concept is a useful prism for designing the ocean observing and forecasting system, or, indeed, a project like EuroSea that set out to improve just this system.
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Framework for ocean observing

2011 GEOSS Workshop XLII - Oceans, 2011
• IOC Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO • GEO Group on Earth Observations • CEOS Committee on Earth Observation Satellites • POGO Partnership for Observation of the Global Oceans • SCOR Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research • SCAR Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research • GCOS Global Climate Observing System • GOOS Global Ocean
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Observations of the oceanic thermal skin in the Atlantic Ocean

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 1997
An extensive set of measurements made along a transect of the Atlantic Ocean covering a latitude range of between 52°N and 20°S have been used to investigate the characteristics of the bulk (BSST) minus skin (SSST) sea surface temperature difference (ΔT). ΔT is highly variable and has an overall mean value of 0.35 K±0.35 K, a daytime mean value of 0.49
Craig J. Donlon, Ian S. Robinson
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Observations Of Ocean Inhomogeneities

1991
Ocean stratification data are presented showing the spatial variability of sound velocity profiles. From an acoustic point of view the irregularities must be separated into features, which have to be treated as deterministic phenomena, and random structures in a statistically homogeneous stratification.
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The enterprise of ocean observing

2014 Oceans - St. John's, 2014
Operating as an enterprise ocean observing governance groups would be able to better articulate how they interface with each other and stimulate a common vision for the execution of goals and outcomes. By providing a roadmap toward a tighter alignment between objectives and capabilities, an Enterprise Architecture comprised primarily of the Foundation ...
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Observation of ocean waves

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 1983
Abstract The European Space Agency plans to launch an Earth Resources Satellite (ERS-1) in a few years’ time with a view to establishing an operational system of such satellites. It will carry two microwave devices giving information on waves: a precision altimeter and a synthetic aperture radar (SAR).
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Ocean modeling in a global ocean observing system

Reviews of Geophysics, 1993
The oceanographic community is currently contemplating the design of a global ocean climate observing system to help monitor, describe, and understand the seasonal to decadal climate changes of the ocean and to provide the observations needed for climate prediction.
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