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The opium wars, opium legalization and opium consumption in China [PDF]

Applied Economics Letters, 2005
The effect of drug prohibition on drug consumption is a critical issue in debates over drug policy. One episode that provides information on the consumption-reducing effect of drug prohibition is the Chinese legalization of opium in 1858. In this paper we examine the impact of China's opium legalization on the quantity and price of British opium ...
Feige, Chris, Miron, Jeffrey
core   +10 more sources

Estimating opium use prevalence at the national and provincial levels in Iran: a modelling study [PDF]

Scientific Reports
Opium consumption was recently classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). With Iran having the highest global prevalence of opium consumption, understanding the national and provincial prevalence of ...
Saeed Nemati, Mehdi Hatami Goloujeh, Hossein Poustchi, Maryam Hadji, Hamideh Rashidian, Farhad Pourfarzi, Ali Fakhari Dehkharghani, Mehdi Shahmoradi, Farhad Moradpour, Mojtaba Farjam, Mohammadreza Naghipour, Nader Saki, Mohammad Reza Fattahi, Farid Najafi, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Parvin Khalili, Fereshteh Ghorat, Moluk Hadi Alijanvand, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Rahim Khalilzadeh, Javad Harooni, Hossein Fallahzadeh, Nour Mohammad Bakhshani, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Farin Kamangar, Reza Malekzadeh, Mahdi Sheikh, Kazem Zendehdel   +28 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Investigating the role of opium consumption in the severity, and outcome of COVID-19 [PDF]

BMC Infectious Diseases
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a major challenge to healthcare systems and public health policies globally. Older adults and those with underlying diseases such as hypertension and diabetes are more susceptible to ...
Fatemeh Amin, Hamid Ostadebrahimi, Najmeh Parvaz, Hadi Eslami, Haniyeh Maleki, Somayeh Kazempour   +5 more
doaj   +2 more sources

A comparison of the severity of substance use disorder in patients with natural opium use versus heroin use [PDF]

Indian Journal of Psychiatry
Background: Historically and culturally, natural opium is considered less harmful in comparison to heroin/pharmaceutical opioids, but the evidence regarding this is limited and mostly indirect.
Mukesh Kumar Swami, Siddharth Sarkar, Naresh Nebhinani, Roshan Bhad, Surendra Singh Rajpurohit, Esha Sood, Pranshu Singh, Raja Babu Ramawat, Ashwani Kumar Mishra   +8 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Interleukin-33 and Soluble ST2 as Potential Biomarkers of Cancer in Opium Users: A Nested Case-Control Study [PDF]

Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2022
Background: Opium abuse is one of the social hazards in the Middle Eastern countries. Opium consumption attributes to various malignancies. However, the exact molecular mechanism of this correlation still remains unclear.
Negar Firouzabadi, Kimia Javdani, Ali Dehshahri   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Opium Abuse and its Association with Coronary Artery Risk Factors in Adult Population in Iran: Findings from Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Study [PDF]

Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2022
Background: The prevalence of opium addiction in Iran is high probably due to the belief that opium has preventive effects against cardiovascular diseases.
Hamid Najafipour, Mohammad Masoumi, Rahele Amirzadeh, Farzaneh Rostamzadeh, Rahim Foad, Mitra Shadkam Farrokhi   +5 more
doaj   +1 more source

Blood Lead Level in Opium Abuse; Which Is More Dangerous? Opium Smoking or Opium Ingestion? [PDF]

Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2019
Background: During the recent years, risk of lead poisoning has increased in Iranian’s opium users. A few researches showed that the most common route was ingestion of lead contaminated opium in these patients.
Nader Rezaei, Pouyan Alinia, Abbas Aghabiklooei, Shirin Izadi   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

Impacts of opium addiction on patterns of angiographic findings in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Scientific Reports, 2022
Opium is one of the most abused substances in the Middle East. The effects of opium use on coronary artery disease (CAD) are a matter of debate. This study aimed to assess the association between opium use and angiographic findings as well as the ...
Alireza Abdiardekani, Maryam Salimi, Shirin Sarejloo, Mehdi Bazrafshan, Amir Askarinejad, Amirhossein Salimi, Hanieh Bazrafshan, Shokoufeh Khanzadeh, Salar Javanshir, Armin Attar, Mohsen Esmaeili, Hamed Bazrafshan Drissi   +11 more
doaj   +1 more source

Cigarette Smoking and Opium Use in Relation to the Oral Microbiota in Iran

Microbiology Spectrum, 2021
Cigarettes and opium contain chemicals and particulate matter that may modify the oral microbiota. This study aimed to investigate the association between cigarette and opium use with the oral microbiota.
Zeni Wu, Yongli Han, J. Gregory Caporaso, Nicholas Bokulich, Ashraf Mohamadkhani, Alireza Moayyedkazemi, Xing Hua, Farin Kamangar, Yunhu Wan, Shalabh Suman, Bin Zhu, Amy Hutchinson, Casey Dagnall, Kristine Jones, Belynda Hicks, Jianxin Shi, Reza Malekzadeh, Christian C. Abnet, Akram Pourshams, Emily Vogtmann   +19 more
doaj   +1 more source

Does Opium Dependency Affect the Pattern of Involvement in Laryngeal Cancer? [PDF]

Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 2016
Introduction: Laryngeal cancer is the second most common cancer involving the respiratory tract, second only to lung cancer. Previous studies have shown opium dependency to be a possible risk factor for laryngeal cancer.
Payman Dabirmoghaddam, Ali Karimian Taheri, Hosein Ghazavi, SHaghayegh Ebrahimnejad, Zahra Karimian   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source