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The Inner Circle and the Outer Circle: Administration and Leadership of Guangchang Wu
2020The structures of administrating and leading guangchang wu are developing rapidly. At a grassroots level there are a variety of leadership practices, formal and informal, taking place, with much of this occurring through virtual engagement. At a governmental level there are various policies in place to guide and direct guangchang wu.
Rose Martin, Ruohan Chen
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The ‘Outer Circle’ as a role model for the ‘Expanding Circle’
English Today, 2011The post-World War II emergence of the linguistic phenomenon called ‘World English’ has given rise to seemingly endless discussion and much speculation among scholars and the lay public alike. The topics of discussion range from horrified exclamations at the mysterious apparition (like Horatio's ‘Look my Lord it comes!
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Outer and expanding circle Englishes
English World-Wide. A Journal of Varieties of English, 2015The classification of English as a native (ENL), second (ESL) and foreign (EFL) language is traditionally mapped onto Kachru’s (1985) Inner, Outer and Expanding circles, respectively. This paper addresses the divide upheld between these different varietal types.
Edwards, Alison, Laporte, Samantha
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Englishes in the Outer and Expanding Circles: A comparative study
World Englishes, 2012ABSTRACT: The major objective of the study is to develop a framework allowing for the systematic investigation of the institutionalised varieties and performance varieties of English (also known as learner Englishes). This involves a detailed description of the forms of English spoken in India and in Russia as well as discussion of sociolinguistic ...
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Expanding Circles within the Outer Circle: The rural Kisii in Kenya
World Englishes, 2009ABSTRACT: This paper evaluates a range of factors that have contributed to the limited spread of English to rural Kisii, Kenya, making the presence of English in this non‐urban context fall closer to an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) or Expanding Circle continuum than to the expected English as a Second Language (ESL) context.
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Redefining Kachru's ‘Outer Circle’ of English
English Today, 1998A re-examination of a widely-established view of how English works in the ...
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Not just an “Outer Circle”, “Asian” English
2009Englishes like Singapore English (SingE) are oft-used examples of “Outer Circle” or “Asian” Englishes – categories intended as sociohistorical or regional groupings, but which cannot suggest shared linguistic properties. To discuss structural similarities or differences between Englishes in an empirical way, we must engage with a typological comparison
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The Outer and Expanding Circles in Southeast Asia
Abstract This chapter offers a historical overview of Southeast Asia focused on aspects from precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial history that are relevant to the accurate description and modelling of Englishes in the region. In this context, the adequacy of the concepts of the Outer and Expanding Circles for the region are placed ...openaire +1 more source
Variety shifting in Southeast Asia’s Outer Circle
Abstract Variety shifting is a feature of English use in Outer Circle contexts in which endonormic local varieties are used alongside exonormic standard varieties. This chapter will introduce some of the theoretical reasons for variety shifting and will survey the scholarly literature related to variety shifting. The phenomenon can oftenAzirah Hashim +5 more
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