Results 1 to 10 of about 3,655 (113)
Bipolar fuzzy outerplanar graphs approach in image shrinking [PDF]
Scientific ReportsBipolar fuzzy outerplanar graphs are interesting and significant subclasses within the broader field of fuzzy graph theory. In this paper, bipolar fuzzy outerplanar graphs, and its properties are introduced.
Deivanai Jaisankar +3 more
doaj +2 more sources
Image contraction through fuzzy soft outerplanar graph structures [PDF]
Scientific ReportsFuzzy sets and soft sets serve as powerful mathematical tools to handle uncertainty and vagueness in real-world problems. Building on these, this study introduces the concept of fuzzy soft outerplanar graphs (FSOGs), a fusion of fuzzy soft set theory ...
Deivanai Jaisankar +2 more
doaj +2 more sources
A fuzzy graph theoretic approach to face shape recognition using cubic outerplanar structures [PDF]
Scientific ReportsThe well-known topic of crisp graph planarity is contrasted with the more new and thoroughly studied field of planarity inside a fuzzy framework. In cubic fuzzy domain, cubic multisets with interval and fuzzy number to capture vagueness.
Deivanai Jaisankar +2 more
doaj +2 more sources
Network design for bypass roads using interval valued fuzzy outerplanar graphs [PDF]
Scientific ReportsThis paper presents a novel approach to bypass road network design using interval valued fuzzy outerplanar graphs (IVFOGs), addressing the increasing demands of vehicular growth and evolving lifestyles.
Deivanai Jaisankar +3 more
doaj +2 more sources
The Singularity of Oriented Outerplanar Graphs with a Given Number of Inner Edges
Journal of Mathematics, 2022 A digraph is called oriented if there is at most one arc between two distinct vertices. An oriented graph is called nonsingular (singular) if its adjacency matrix AD is nonsingular (singular).
Borui He, Xianya Geng, Long Wang
doaj +2 more sources
Planar, Outerplanar, and Toroidal Graphs of the Generalized Zero-Divisor Graph of Commutative Rings
Journal of Mathematics, 2021 Let A be a commutative ring with unity and let set of all zero divisors of A be denoted by ZA. An ideal ℐ of the ring A is said to be essential if it has a nonzero intersection with every nonzero ideal of A. It is denoted by ℐ≤eA.
Abdulaziz M. Alanazi +2 more
doaj +2 more sources
Edge-group choosability of outerplanar and near-outerplanar graphs [PDF]
Transactions on Combinatorics, 2020 Let $\chi_{gl}(G)$ be the {\it{group choice number}} of $G$. A graph $G$ is called {\it{edge-$k$-group choosable}} if its line graph is $k$-group choosable. The {\it{group-choice index}} of $G$, $\chi'_{gl}(G)$, is the smallest $k$ such that $G$ is edge-$
Amir Khamseh
doaj +1 more source
Circular Separation Dimension of a Subclass of Planar Graphs [PDF]
Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science, 2017 A pair of non-adjacent edges is said to be separated in a circular ordering of vertices, if the endpoints of the two edges do not alternate in the ordering.
Arpitha P. Bharathi +2 more
doaj +1 more source
Irreducible nonmetrizable path systems in graphs
Journal of Graph Theory, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 5-14, January 2023., 2023 Abstract A path system P ${\mathscr{P}}$ in a graph G =(V , E ) $G=(V,E)$ is a collection of paths with a unique u v $uv$ path for every two vertices u , v ∈ V $u,v\in V$. We say that P ${\mathscr{P}}$ is consistent if for any path P ∈ P $P\in {\mathscr{P}}$, every subpath of P $P$ is also in P ${\mathscr{P}}$.
Daniel Cizma, Nati Linial
wiley +1 more source
Longest and shortest cycles in random planar graphs
Random Structures &Algorithms, Volume 60, Issue 3, Page 462-505, May 2022., 2022 Abstract Let be a graph chosen uniformly at random from the class of all planar graphs on vertex set with edges. We study the cycle and block structure of when . More precisely, we determine the asymptotic order of the length of the longest and shortest cycle in in the critical range when .
Mihyun Kang, Michael Missethan
wiley +1 more source