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Vertical Pricing and Parallel Imports
Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, 2005 We generalize an earlier model of international vertical pricing to explain key features of parallel imports, or unauthorized trade in legitimate goods. When a manufacturer (or trademark owner) sells its product through an independent agent in one country, the agent may find it profitable to engage in parallel trade, selling the product to another ...
Keith E Maskus
exaly +3 more sources
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Trade policy and parallel imports
European Journal of Political Economy, 2003We consider the simultaneous choice of parallel importing regime and tariff policy in a setting of international price discrimination by a monopolist. We show that an importer’s optimal tariff decreases when parallel imports (PIs) are permitted. This may lead to the monopolist benefiting from PIs. Allowing PIs is always attractive for a country whether
Martin Richardson
exaly +2 more sources
Parallel Imports and Manufacturer Rebates
, 2018 This paper studies the effect of a change in the mandatory manufacturer rebate on wholesale prices for pharmaceuticals on competition by parallel imports. First, it analyzes the effect of a manufacturer rebate on competition by parallel imports in a two-country model. An increase in the manufacturer rebate increases the market share of parallel imports.
Birg, Laura
openaire +2 more sources
Parallel imports, price controls, and innovation
Journal of Health Economics, 2018The impact of parallel trade on innovation in R&D-intensive industries, such as pharmaceuticals, is a hotly debated question in antitrust and IP policy. The well-known argument that parallel trade dampens innovation by undermining firms' ability to price discriminate has been challenged by recent literature.
Markus, Reisinger +2 more
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Product Introduction with Parallel Importation
Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational ResearchThe aim of this paper is to investigate the manufacturer’s product introduction decision when entering a foreign market by considering parallel importation. This paper considers a situation where a manufacturer already sells an original product directly in the domestic market and decides to introduce an original product, a new product, or both through
Fengmei Xu +3 more
openaire +3 more sources
2016
Abstract Free movement of goods, one of the ‘four freedoms’ together with free movement of persons, services, and capital covered in the Treaties, is a fundamental principle with two purposes. The first is purely economic; a customs union and common market comprising individual Member States cannot be established unless goods from all ...
Alexander Mühlendahl +3 more
openaire +1 more source
Abstract Free movement of goods, one of the ‘four freedoms’ together with free movement of persons, services, and capital covered in the Treaties, is a fundamental principle with two purposes. The first is purely economic; a customs union and common market comprising individual Member States cannot be established unless goods from all ...
Alexander Mühlendahl +3 more
openaire +1 more source
Parallel Imports and Music Cd Prices [PDF]
, 2004 Parallel imports are a significant academic and policy issue. Official investigations into the impact of parallel imports on music CD prices have reached widely conflicting conclusions. This note reports an event study on an international panel of changes in copyright law to permit or disallow parallel imports.
Yeh-Ning Chen, Ivan P. L. Png
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Parallel Imports of Pharmaceuticals in the European Union
PharmacoEconomics, 1998Parallel importing has existed on a small scale in Europe for many years and has been upheld by the European Court of Justice as consistent with standard principles of free trade. However, the potential impact of parallel trade has increased significantly with the launch of the European Medicines Evaluation Agency in 1995, the accession to the European
J, Darbà, J, Rovira
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2017
People often say that the world is not only “Black and White” but there are many other shades which pose difficult question. Parallel import, which is also known as “Grey area” is one of them. Parallel imports are goods produced genuinely under protection of a trademark, patent, or copyright, placed in one market, and then imported into another market ...
Dinesh Kumar, Gurjinder Singh
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People often say that the world is not only “Black and White” but there are many other shades which pose difficult question. Parallel import, which is also known as “Grey area” is one of them. Parallel imports are goods produced genuinely under protection of a trademark, patent, or copyright, placed in one market, and then imported into another market ...
Dinesh Kumar, Gurjinder Singh
openaire +1 more source
Parallel interacting Markov adaptive importance sampling
2015 23rd European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), 2015Monte Carlo (MC) methods are widely used for statistical inference in signal processing applications. A well-known class of MC methods is importance sampling (IS) and its adaptive extensions. In this work, we introduce an iterated importance sampler using a population of proposal densities, which are adapted according to an MCMC technique over the ...
Luca Martino +3 more
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