Results 51 to 60 of about 1,337,477 (299)

Power law scaling and country-level centralization of global agricultural production and trade

Environmental Research Letters, 2022
Global food production and international trade are rapidly expanding and drive increasing agricultural globalization and specialization. Following production patterns, network properties and added-value chains, exportable surpluses of countries can ...
Marie-Cécile Dupas, José Halloy, Petros Chatzimpiros   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Profit-Enhancing Parallel Imports [PDF]

Open Economies Review, 2008
We investigate competition between a domestic intellectual property right holder and a foreign imitator and consider how parallel imports affect their profits. We consider a two-country model. Country A is a developed country where intellectual property rights are highly protected, and country B is a developing country where protection is weak.
Matsushima, Noriaki, Matsumura, Toshihiro   +1 more
openaire   +1 more source

Fostering Innovation: Streamlining Magnetocaloric Materials Research by Digitalization

Advanced Engineering Materials, EarlyView.
Magnetocaloric cooling (MCE) is an environmentally friendly refrigeration method with great potential. Optimizing MCE materials involves the preparation and screening of large quantities of samples, which in turn generates a large amount of data. A digitalization approach is presented that uses ontologies, knowledge graphs, and digital workflows to ...
Simon Bekemeier, Moritz Blum, Luana Caron, Alisa Chirkova, Philipp Cimiano, Basil Ell, Inga Ennen, Michael Feige, Maik Gaerner, Thomas Hilbig, Andreas Hütten, Günter Reiss, Tapas Samanta, Sonja Schöning, Christian Schröder, Lennart Schwan, Chris Taake, Martin Wortmann   +17 more
wiley   +1 more source

Parallel Imports and Mandatory Substitution Reform - A Kick or A Muff for Price Competition in Pharmaceuticals? [PDF]

What has been the effect of competition from parallel imports on prices of locally-sourced onpatent drugs? Did the 2002 Swedish mandatory substitution reform increase this competition?
Granlund, David, Köksal, Miyase Yesim
core   +2 more sources

Is an Apple an Orange? A Large Language Model Benchmark for Candidate Term Extraction and Subclass Decisions Against Upper Ontologies in Engineering and Materials Science

Advanced Engineering Materials, EarlyView.
Building machine‐readable vocabularies for materials science is slow, expert‐driven work. This study benchmarks 13 large language models on two of its first steps: finding candidate terms in engineering articles and deciding where they belong in a class hierarchy.
Thomas Bjarsch, Maximilian Holland, Klaus Drechsler, Johannes Schilp   +3 more
wiley   +1 more source

Parallel Imports: Striking a Delicate Balance in a Multifaceted Environment

Lex Portus
The article explores how states handle the legal, economic, and political aspects of parallel imports in light of the national interests and interests of IP owners, manufacturers, alternative importers, and consumers.
Bohdan Fasii, Dmytro Vysochyn, Anastasiia Fasii   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Organizing Immigrant Workers in the Los Angeles Apparel Industry

Journal of World-Systems Research, 2015
The apparel industry in the United States is declining. Every month new reports are put out enumerating the loss of jobs. Meanwhile, parallel numbers report the monthly rise of imports.
Edna Bonacich
doaj   +1 more source

DigiChrom: A Domain Ontology for Semantic Representation of Trivalent Chromium Platings and Its Large Language Model‐Based Alignment With Multiple Mid‐Level Ontologies

Advanced Engineering Materials, EarlyView.
Digitalizing electroplating requires both domain knowledge and interoperability. This work introduces PlatOn, a domain ontology for trivalent chromium plating and coating characterization, and a hybrid pipeline that aligns it to a mid‐level reference ontology by combining eight similarity metrics with language model reasoning. Expert‐validated mappings
Janik Harter, Elena Garcia Trelles, Christoph Schweizer, Thomas Seifert, Christoph Baumer, Mahmoud Elkady, Katja Feige, Daniel Grimme, Edgar Hoffmann, Andreas Waibel, Anke Walter   +10 more
wiley   +1 more source

The Interface between Intellectual Property Rights and Competition Law and Policy: An Australian Perspective

Prometheus, 1998
The interface between intellectual property and competition policy is a difficult one. Both aim to correct for market failure in the pursuit of economic efficiency. However, in correcting for one market failure, we may exacerbate another.
Jill Walker
doaj   +1 more source

Pricing in conditions of .parallel import.

Вестник МИРБИС, 2023
В условиях экономических санкций возникло новое экономическое явление — параллельный импорт. Легален он или нет? Смогут ли российские покупатели и дальше приобретать товары известных брендов и как изменятся цены на них? В проведенном авторами исследовании был рассмотрен процесс ценообразования на товары, привезенные в страну по схеме параллельного ...
openaire   +1 more source