Results 121 to 130 of about 9,371 (304)
Patents, Price Controls and Access to New Drugs: How Policy Affects Global Market Entry
We consider how patent rights and price regulation affect whether new drugs are marketed in a country, and how quickly. The analysis covers a large sample of 68 countries at all income levels and includes all drug launches over the period 1982-2002.
Jean O. Lanjouw
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Genetic Resources, Equity and International Law
, 2009 This thesis examines the application of international law to the uses of agricultural crop plants termed plant genetic resources for food and agriculture.
Guneratne, Camena Erica
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Advanced Science, EarlyView.Adult stem cell therapy requires more than high in vitro potency. This review proposes a systems framework in which cell‐intrinsic programs, instructive microenvironmental cues, and pre‐/post‐delivery engineering are co‐designed under standardized translational rules.
Soo‐Rim Kim +2 more
wiley +1 more source
Complementary Patents and Market Structure [PDF]
Many high technology goods are based on standards that require access to several patents that are owned by different IP holders. We investigate the royalties chosen by IP holders under different market structures. Vertical integration of an IP holder and
Schmidt, Klaus M.
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Advanced Science, EarlyView.Correcting the apparent priming effect resolves systematic biases in Asian rice fertilizer nitrogen accounting. Net soil retention drops below 7%, while 48% of fertilizer escapes, inflicting US$98.53 billion in annual reactive‐nitrogen damages. High‐resolution mapping uncovers N‐risk archetypes across 42% of the rice area, delivering a spatially ...
Xiuyun Liu +5 more
wiley +1 more source
Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisThe research was based in an interdisciplinary approach about the legal ethics involved in the Digital Era, especially concerning the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in patents’ development and rights as an important problematic.
João Antonio Belmino Dos Santos +1 more
doaj +1 more source
Low‐Power Control Of Resistance Switching Transitions in First‐Order Memristors
Advanced Electronic Materials, EarlyView.Joule losses are a serious concern in modern integrated circuit design. In this regard, minimizing the energy necessary for programming memristors should be handled with care. This manuscript presents an optimal control framework, allowing to derive energy‐efficient programming voltage protocols for resistance switching devices. Following this approach,
Valeriy A. Slipko +3 more
wiley +1 more source
Why challenge the ivory tower? New evidence on the basicness of academic patents [PDF]
While often presumed in academic literature and policy discussions there is little empirical evidence showing that academic patents protect more basic inventions than corporate patents.
Czarnitzki, Dirk +2 more
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Carrots, Sticks, and Space Patents
, 2022 Patents are essential for promoting scientific progress and innovation. However, the current framework for patents in outer space unduly disincentivizes U.S. patentees from obtaining patents.
Howarth, Kyle
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Nonlinear Transverse Transport in a Ferromagnetic Polar Metal
Advanced Electronic Materials, EarlyView.This work reports the observation of a nonlinear transverse response in ferromagnetic polar SrRuO3(111) thin films. The nonlinear signal exhibits a sharp enhancement across the magnetic phase transition. Through detailed scaling and theoretical analysis, the authors attribute this behavior to a sign reversal of the Berry curvature triple, establishing ...
Xuyang Sha +13 more
wiley +1 more source