Results 151 to 160 of about 1,458,795 (246)

Obligation, Exemption and Remission: The Multi‐Layered Functioning of the Poll Tax (Cizye) in Ottoman Governance during the Long Eighteenth Century

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract This article examines the poll tax (Ottoman Turkish cizye; Arabic jizya) levied on non‐Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire, not as a fixed, one‐dimensional tax item within the Ottoman fiscal system but as a multi‐layered administrative instrument organized around obligation, exemption and remission.
ÖZLEM BAŞARIR
wiley   +1 more source

Anatomy of climate change research in Italian doctoral dissertations using a machine learning approach. [PDF]

open access: yesSci Rep
Zinilli A   +9 more
europepmc   +1 more source

Non‐Career Ambassador Appointments: Transformations in Turkish Diplomacy during the 1920s and 1930s

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract During the early years of the Turkish Republic, the establishment of foreign missions, the assignment of new diplomats to these missions as well as the inheritance of experiences, diplomats, buildings and other assets from the Ottoman Empire were matters of major political concern.
Evren Küçük
wiley   +1 more source

Barbara's Daughters: Women's Boxing and Social Memory in Britain

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract A pioneer of post‐war boxing, Barbara Buttrick fought in fairgrounds and on music‐hall stages in Britain and France before making a career in the United States during the 1950s. She fought against practical obstacles, prejudice and discrimination to become the Women's World Flyweight and Bantamweight Champion in 1957. This article examines her
Matthew Taylor
wiley   +1 more source

Archiving the History of Environmentalism: Insights from Academia and Practice

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract This Forum considers the current state of archiving for the environmental movement at local, national and international levels. It responds to a gap that researchers of environmentalism have long been aware of, but one that is poorly understood from the perspective of records management and collections development practice.
Henry Irving   +7 more
wiley   +1 more source

Hunting in the Ghaznavid State: Courtly Culture, Military Practices and Political Power

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract Hunting occupied an important place in the royal court culture of the Ghaznavid state (963–1186 CE). Ghaznavid hunting culture developed through the interaction of Turkic‐Islamic political traditions, Persianate models of kingship and local ecological settings. Rather than constituting a fully formalized institution, Ghaznavid hunting practice
Arslan Durdu
wiley   +1 more source

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