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Survey of Ophthalmology, 1999
Placebos have been traditionally regarded as deceptive therapies and have not been understood in the broader context of social symbols and of interpersonal factors that surround the healing process itself. Although the power of inert substances to heal is well recognized, the placebo effect also influences the outcome of conventional therapies.
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Placebos have been traditionally regarded as deceptive therapies and have not been understood in the broader context of social symbols and of interpersonal factors that surround the healing process itself. Although the power of inert substances to heal is well recognized, the placebo effect also influences the outcome of conventional therapies.
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Placebos and the Placebo Effect in Drug Trials
2019In this review, we explored different ways of controlling the placebo effects in clinical trials and described various factors that may increase/decrease the placebo effect in randomized placebo-controlled trials. These factors can be subdivided into four groups, and while not all factors are effective in every study and under all clinical conditions ...
Paul, Enck, Sibylle, Klosterhalfen
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Differences in placebo effects
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 1977Constant volume injections of water and saline were evaluated in terms of their effects upon locomotor activity in the rat. Both solutions produced an overall decrease in activity and were found to be nonequivalent in their effect.
W L, Isaac, W, Isaac
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Pain, 2010
Placebo analgesia is the occurrence of an analgesic drug effect without drugs. The response is learned through conditioning and mediated by expectancy. It lies on the up-regulation of the pain-modulating areas and the down-regulation of the pain-encoding regions.
Valeria, Bachiocco +1 more
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Placebo analgesia is the occurrence of an analgesic drug effect without drugs. The response is learned through conditioning and mediated by expectancy. It lies on the up-regulation of the pain-modulating areas and the down-regulation of the pain-encoding regions.
Valeria, Bachiocco +1 more
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Determinants of placebo effects
2020Determinants of placebo effects and placebo response can be considered from multiple intrinsic and extrinsic perspectives. Intrinsic factors may influence the patient and the clinician/researcher. Patient expectations and previous experiences are considered two of the major intrinsic determinants of placebo response.
Sharlet, Anderson, Glenn T, Stebbins
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An Explanation for the Placebo Effect?
Science, 2005The elegant computational model of addiction described by A. D. Redish in his Report “Addiction as a computational process gone awry” (10 Dec. 2004, p. [1944][1]) has the potential to provide an explanation for the placebo effect. In the temporal-difference reinforcement learning model (TDRL),
Kristopher J L, Irizarry, Julio, Licinio
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Annales pharmaceutiques francaises, 2006
The word placebo appeared for the first time in an English medical dictionary in 1785. In French, it appeared much latter in 1958. This word defines an experimental tool used for rigourous evaluation of a specific effect of pharmacological treatment and the non specific effect of any therapy.
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The word placebo appeared for the first time in an English medical dictionary in 1785. In French, it appeared much latter in 1958. This word defines an experimental tool used for rigourous evaluation of a specific effect of pharmacological treatment and the non specific effect of any therapy.
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[Placebo and placebo effects--a review].
Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, medizinische Psychologie, 2002Placebo controls in clinical trials are usually employed to filter out undesired, psychological or non-specific effects from "true" therapeutic effects. Although this is useful in the context of clinical trials for the purpose of proving pharmacological efficacy, it is misleading to generalize this strategy to therapy as a whole.
Harald, Walach, Catarina, Sadaghiani
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The Placebo Effect in Agoraphobia
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1987This paper presents two sets of data that suggests a weak but specific placebo response in agoraphobia. First, analyses in 20 agoraphobic patients given single-blind placebo over a 2-week period, without the customary confound of instructions for exposure to phobic situations, revealed a statistically significant reduction in panic and phobic symptoms.
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