Results 11 to 20 of about 44,329 (213)
Deconstructing Positive Obligations
, 2023 Abstract This chapter lays the ground by deconstructing positive obligations, explaining how they correlate to rights and what the references to positive obligations’ content, scope, and types actually mean. The chapter explains that despite the priority of rights as organizational principles in the European Convention on Human Rights,
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Extraterritorial Positive Obligations
, 2023 Abstract The chapter examines the hurdles arising if positive obligations under the ECHR were to apply extraterritorially. The normative presuppositions that need to be present so that it can be determined whether a State is to be found responsible under ECHR for failure to fulfil positive obligations are explained.
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Substantive Positive Obligations
, 2023 Abstract This chapter explains that besides the procedural positive obligation to investigate, the European Court of Human Rights has developed two distinct but related substantive positive obligations. The first one is the positive obligation upon the State to put in place effective regulatory frameworks.
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Rehabilitation as a Positive Obligation [PDF]
European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 2017 Although the emphasis in European penal policy now lies on the rehabilitative aim of imprisonment, the concept of rehabilitation remains vague and is being interpreted differently in different European countries. This paper looks at rehabilitation from a legal perspective and aims to clarify the current meaning and content of the principle of ...
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Positive obligations and privatisation
Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly, 2020 N ...
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Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 2022 Abstract Partnered operations are very frequent and pose complex questions in international law, such as the allocation of responsibility in cases of violations of international human rights law and/or international humanitarian law (IHL).
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Reciprocal control of viral infection and phosphoinositide dynamics
FEBS Letters, EarlyView.Phosphoinositides, although scarce, regulate key cellular processes, including membrane dynamics and signaling. Viruses exploit these lipids to support their entry, replication, assembly, and egress. The central role of phosphoinositides in infection highlights phosphoinositide metabolism as a promising antiviral target.
Marie Déborah Bancilhon, Bruno Mesmin
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Phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinase as a target of pathogens—friend or foe?
FEBS Letters, EarlyView.This graphical summary illustrates the roles of phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinases (PI4Ks). PI4Ks regulate key cellular processes and can be hijacked by pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria and parasites, to support their intracellular replication. Their dual role as essential host enzymes and pathogen cofactors makes them promising drug targets.
Ana C. Mendes +3 more
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Procedural Positive Obligation to Investigate
, 2023 Abstract This chapter explains that national authorities are under the positive obligation to conduct effective investigation into allegations that individuals have been harmed. Two types of investigative duties are distinguished. The content of the first type can be formulated as a general obligation of having an effective judicial ...
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FEBS Letters, EarlyView.We reconstituted Synechocystis glycogen synthesis in vitro from purified enzymes and showed that two GlgA isoenzymes produce glycogen with different architectures: GlgA1 yields denser, highly branched glycogen, whereas GlgA2 synthesizes longer, less‐branched chains.
Kenric Lee +3 more
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