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23. Preliminary References

This chapter focuses on the preliminary reference procedure provided by Article 267 TFEU, under which courts or tribunals of a Member State refer questions on the interpretation or validity of EU law to the Court of Justice. This procedure has played a key role in the development of EU law. The chapter discusses the provisions which may be referred and
Trevor Hartley, Takis Tridimas
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Multilevel judicial protection in the EU and preliminary references

Common Market Law Review, 2016
The article offers a threefold perspective on preliminary references to the ECJ, through an analysis of the case law of the ECJ itself, of (some) constitutional courts and of the ECtHR. Although in the latter two cases, a close connection is made between preliminary references and the right to effective judicial protection, in the EU legal order they ...
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6. Preliminary references

This chapter considers the procedure whereby a national court may make a preliminary reference to the Court of Justice under Article 267 TFEU and receive a preliminary ruling on the questions which it has referred. The chapter examines the questions of law that may be referred to the Court of Justice; the criteria for the ‘court or tribunal’ which may ...
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Text Messaging at Reference: A Preliminary Survey

The Reference Librarian, 2008
This article relates the results of a survey of academic libraries using text messaging as a means for delivering reference services. Information concerning the hardware, software, costs, staffing, hours of operation, service life, and patron use is presented.
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The law requires translation: The Hungarian preliminary reference on preliminary references: IS,

Common Market Law Review, 2022
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Preliminary References: All Options Open?

2019
As a two-level legal order, EU law is particularly vulnerable. Member States may violate their obligations under the Treaties, in particular the fundamental freedoms, they may also either not implement or incorrectly implement acts of secondary law or fail to comply with State aid rules.
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National courts and preliminary references: supporting legal integration, protecting national autonomy or balancing conflicting demands?

West European Politics, 2021
Karin Leijon
exaly  

Preliminary references

2013
Elspeth Berry, Matthew J. Homewood, Barbara Bogusz   +2 more
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Preliminary Ada reference manual

ACM SIGPLAN Notices, 1979
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Broberg and Fenger on Preliminary References to the European Court of Justice

2021
Morten Broberg, Niels Fenger, Broberg Morten   +2 more
exaly