We critically examine the best lines of evidence for grain growth in protoplanetary disks, based on modelling of observed spectral energy distributions and images of T Tauri and Herbig Ae stars. The data are consistent with millimeter-sized grains near disk midplanes, and micron-sized grains near disk surfaces.
openaire +2 more sources
Experimental evidence for granular shear-flow instability in the Epstein regime. [PDF]
Capelo HL +9 more
europepmc +1 more source
Pristine ices in a planet-forming disk revealed by heavy water. [PDF]
Leemker M +6 more
europepmc +1 more source
One-third of Sun-like stars are born with misaligned planet-forming disks. [PDF]
Biddle LI +4 more
europepmc +1 more source
A young gas giant and hidden substructures in a protoplanetary disk. [PDF]
Ribas Á +9 more
europepmc +1 more source
Chondrule formation by collisions of planetesimals containing volatiles triggered by Jupiter's formation. [PDF]
Sirono SI, Turrini D.
europepmc +1 more source
Terrestrial planet and asteroid belt formation by Jupiter-Saturn chaotic excitation. [PDF]
Lykawka PS, Ito T.
europepmc +1 more source
Carbon and oxygen isotope evidence for a protoplanetary disk origin of organic solids in meteorites. [PDF]
Lawrence WM, Blake GA, Eiler J.
europepmc +1 more source
Chemical Environment and Temperature Effects on the Formation and Destruction of C<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in Cosmic-Ray-Processed Ices. [PDF]
Pilling S +3 more
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