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From the Triple Helix to a Quadruple Helix? The Case of Dip-Pen Nanolithography
Minerva, 2011In this article, we propose four modifications to the standard Triple Helix innovation model, which consists of the three strands: university, government, industry. First, in view of recent economic, cultural, organizational and ideological changes in many countries, it is now important to introduce a fourth strand to the standard model, namely society.
Anne Marcovich, Terry Shinn
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Quadruple Helix System and Symmetry: A Step Towards Helix Innovation System Classification
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014Since the appearance of the Triple Helix model of innovations various extensions of the model to higher dimensions: Quadruple, Quintuple and N-tuple helices, had been proposed. Systemness of growing number of innovation system patterns can be expected to need classification.
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Triple Helix or Quadruple Helix: Which Model of Innovation to Choose for Empirical Studies?
Minerva, 2021Yuzhuo Cai, Annina Lattu, Cai Yuzhuo
exaly