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Rays and Ray Sketching

2018
The first thing you do when you start a new lens in an optical design program is to enter the parameters that describe its design. But how can you tell if you entered the design correctly? How do you determine if the results are correct? And how can you gain some sense of how well your lens performs?
Julie L. Bentley, Donald C. O'Shea
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Ray matrices for rays around a general skew ray

Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, 1990
Ray matrices for rays whose directions are close to that of a base ray that can be any general skew ray are derived and examined. The derivation starts with Hamilton's characteristic function; the resulting refraction matrix has a simple interpretation in terms of Coddington's equations.
M. Zabel, S. A. Collins, E. D. Evans
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Two Ray or not Two Ray this is the price to pay

2009 IEEE 6th International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems, 2009
Simulation is essential to evaluate the performance of large scale vehicular networks. It is logistically challenging (and prohibitively expensive) to run tests with more than a few dozens experimental vehicles. Given the critical role of simulation in the evaluation of VANET protocols in large scale scenarios, it is important to guarantee realism of ...
Giordano, Eugenio   +4 more
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On the width of a ray

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2007
Consistent with earlier work by Kravtsov and Orlov, a simple general expression for the width of a Fresnel zone δrF in a smooth inhomogeneous environment is derived; this is the diffractive contribution to the width of a ray. In a stratified environment at long range, the general Fresnel zone width expression is shown to reduce approximately to one ...
Irina I, Rypina, Michael G, Brown
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Cathode Rays and Some Analogous Rays

Archives of The Roentgen Ray, 1897
Abstract The size of the cathodic shadow of an object depends upon its own electric state, as already found by Crookes. If it is negatively electrified the shadow expands. If it is positively electrified the shadow contracts.
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