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The Secondary Emission of Electrons by High Energy Electrons
Physical Review, 1949The secondary emission of electrons from tungsten, steel, aluminum, and graphite was studied as a function of the energy of the bombarding primary electrons in the range from 30 kilovolts to 340 kilovolts. The ratio of secondary to primary electrons was found to diminish with increasing primary energy and to increase with the atomic number of the ...
J. G. Trump, R. J. Van de Graaff
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Backscattered and Secondary-Electron Emission
1993The backscattering coefficient η and the secondary-electron yield δ depend on electron energy E, atomic number Z, and surface tilt angle ϕ, and show characteristic energy and angular distributions that are important to the discussion of the image formation when using the signal of backscattered and secondary electrons.
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Emission of Backscattered and Secondary Electrons
1998Backscattered electrons (BSE) and secondary electrons (SE) are the most important signals for image recording. A knowledge of the dependence of the backscattering coefficient η and the secondary electron yield δ on surface tilt, material and electron energy and their angular and energy distributions is essential for the interpretation of image contrast.
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Secondary electron emission in the scanning electron microscope
Journal of Applied Physics, 1983This paper surveys experimental results concerned with secondary electron emission of surfaces bombarded by primary electrons with respect to scanning electron microscopy. The energy distribution, the angular distribution, and the yield of secondary electrons from metals and insulators are reviewed as well as the escape depth of the secondary electrons
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Secondary Electron Emission Spectroscopy
1984When an electron with energy E p (in practice 10 < E p < 500 eV) is incident on a solid surface it may be scattered back into the vacuum either elastically or inelastically. Part of its energy, however, passes through a series of collisions (cascade) to other (secondary) electrons, and some of these secondary electrons are emitted from the solid ...
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Theory of Secondary Electron Emission from Solids
Proceedings of the Physical Society. Section B, 1955A formula is derived permitting the calculation of the yield of secondary electrons from the yield of photoelectrons.
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Secondary electron emission by channeled positrons and electrons
Physical Review B, 1989, Nitta, , Ohtsuki
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Secondary electron emission of graphene-coated copper
, 2017M. Cao +4 more
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