Results 121 to 130 of about 4,525,334 (379)
History-based action selection bias in posterior parietal cortex
Nature Communications, 2017 Making decisions based on choice-outcome history is a crucial, adaptive ability in life. However, the neural circuit mechanisms underlying history-dependent decision-making are poorly understood.
E. Hwang +3 more
semanticscholar +1 more source
Feature-Wise Bias Amplification [PDF]
arXiv, 2018 We study the phenomenon of bias amplification in classifiers, wherein a machine learning model learns to predict classes with a greater disparity than the underlying ground truth. We demonstrate that bias amplification can arise via an inductive bias in gradient descent methods that results in the overestimation of the importance of moderately ...
arxiv
Monte Carlo modeling of radiation dose from radiation therapy with superficial x‐rays
Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, EarlyView.Abstract Introduction Superficial x‐rays (50–100 kVp) are used for treating non‐melanoma skin cancer and intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT). At these energies, the photoelectric effect significantly increases absorbed dose to bone compared to soft tissue.
Reham Barghash +3 more
wiley +1 more source
Sex selection with biased technologies and its effect on the population sex ratio [PDF]
, 1977 Andrew Mason, Neil G. Bennett
openalex +1 more source
Endogenous Selection Bias: The Problem of Conditioning on a Collider Variable.
The Annual review of sociology, 2014 Endogenous selection bias is a central problem for causal inference. Recognizing the problem, however, can be difficult in practice. This article introduces a purely graphical way of characterizing endogenous selection bias and of understanding its ...
Felix Elwert, Christopher Winship
semanticscholar +1 more source
Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, EarlyView.Abstract Current radiotherapy practices rely on manual contouring of CT scans, which is time‐consuming, prone to variability, and requires highly trained experts. There is a need for more efficient and consistent contouring methods. This study evaluated the performance of the Varian Ethos AI auto‐contouring tool to assess its potential integration into
Robert N. Finnegan +6 more
wiley +1 more source
eGEMs, 2016 Electronic health records (EHR) data are increasingly seen as a resource for cost-effective comparative effectiveness research (CER). Since EHR data are collected primarily for clinical and/or billing purposes, their use for CER requires consideration of
S. Haneuse, M. Daniels
semanticscholar +1 more source
Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, EarlyView.Abstract Introduction Many artificial intelligence (AI) solutions have been proposed to enhance the radiotherapy (RT) workflow, but limited applications have been implemented to date, suggesting an implementation gap. One contributing factor to this gap is a misalignment between AI systems and their users.
Luca M. Heising +11 more
wiley +1 more source
SELECTION AND BIASED GENE CONVERSION IN A MULTIGENE FAMILY: CONSEQUENCES OF INTERALLELIC BIAS AND THRESHOLD SELECTION [PDF]
, 1986 James Bruce Walsh
openalex +1 more source
Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, EarlyView.Abstract Purpose A new workflow was investigated for Elekta Unity MR‐Linac by removing the computed tomography (CT)‐simulation step and using diagnostic CT (DCT) for reference plan generation. Materials and methods Ten patients with ultra‐hypofractionated prostate cancer treated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided adaptive radiotherapy were ...
Yuan Xu +5 more
wiley +1 more source