Results 221 to 230 of about 282,528 (288)

Obligation, Exemption and Remission: The Multi‐Layered Functioning of the Poll Tax (Cizye) in Ottoman Governance during the Long Eighteenth Century

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract This article examines the poll tax (Ottoman Turkish cizye; Arabic jizya) levied on non‐Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire, not as a fixed, one‐dimensional tax item within the Ottoman fiscal system but as a multi‐layered administrative instrument organized around obligation, exemption and remission.
ÖZLEM BAŞARIR
wiley   +1 more source

Factors Associated With Hormone Replacement Therapy Use: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

open access: yesBJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &Gynaecology, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Objective To identify factors associated with HRT uptake among women. Design A systematic review and meta‐analysis to identify factors associated with HRT uptake. Setting Retrospective and prospective cohort studies, case–control studies and cross‐sectional studies from any country and in any language. Population The study population was women
Wema Meranda Mtika   +9 more
wiley   +1 more source

Determinants of case outcomes in Rwanda's postgenocide gacaca courts

open access: yesCriminology, EarlyView.
Abstract Transitional justice trials have become a central mechanism for addressing mass violence and human rights violations, yet little is known about the determinants of case outcomes within these courts—particularly in domestic contexts. This study examines Rwanda's gacaca courts, a localized transitional justice system that tried people suspected ...
Hollie Nyseth Nzitatira   +2 more
wiley   +1 more source

Western Balkans as the Frontline of Russian Hybrid Warfare

open access: yesGlobal Policy, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Hybrid warfare (HW) scholarship acknowledges the phenomenon's contextual and temporal specificity, yet its dominant conceptual framing has generated a literature largely centred on identifying and categorising hybrid activities. This focus has left the contextual vulnerabilities that enable hybrid threats (HTs) and shape an adversary's ...
Vesna Bojicic‐Dzelilovic
wiley   +1 more source

Characterizing the Elemental Metabolome in Asparagus officinalis with Multielemental Speciation Analysis. [PDF]

open access: yesJ Agric Food Chem
Milovanovic I   +4 more
europepmc   +1 more source

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