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2012
Private supplementary tutoring, or shadow education, has long been a major phenomenon in parts of East Asia, including Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan. In recent times, shadow education has been rapidly increasing in other Asian countries as well, as it has in Europe and North America.
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Private supplementary tutoring, or shadow education, has long been a major phenomenon in parts of East Asia, including Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan. In recent times, shadow education has been rapidly increasing in other Asian countries as well, as it has in Europe and North America.
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Shadow Education of Mathematics in China
2017Generally speaking, students can learn mathematics both in their formal schooling and outside school. Therefore, when we discuss students’ mathematics learning and achievement, the role of out-of-school learning cannot be ignored. This chapter aims at highlighting the importance of shadow education in mathematics to the overall picture of Chinese ...
Lidong Wang, Kan Guo
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The Phenomenon of Shadow Education
Shadow education, often referred to as private supplementary tutoring or parallel education, has emerged as a pervasive and intriguing phenomenon worldwide. This abstract delves into the multifaceted dimensions of shadow education, shedding light on its prevalence, motivations, consequences, and implications for formal education systems.Regan Murugesan +4 more
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Education in the Shadow of Contempt
Science, 1968H S, Broudy, M C, Wittrock
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The Global Spread of Shadow Education
2014This chapter focuses on the shadow education system of private supplementary tutoring, addressing the nature and implications of extra lessons in academic subjects for pupils attending primary and secondary schools. We are here only concerned with extra lessons that are provided in exchange for a fee, in contrast to lessons provided free of charge by ...
Mark Bray, Magda Nutsa Kobakhidze
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Advances in Social Behavior Research
A prevailing consensus in education laments the role of shadow education as a significant driver of social inequality, a concern that prompted Chinas recent regulatory policies aimed at inhibiting its growth. However, this well-intentioned policy exacerbated existing gaps as they grant privileges to families with more economic and cultural capital ...
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A prevailing consensus in education laments the role of shadow education as a significant driver of social inequality, a concern that prompted Chinas recent regulatory policies aimed at inhibiting its growth. However, this well-intentioned policy exacerbated existing gaps as they grant privileges to families with more economic and cultural capital ...
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Influences of shadow education on the ecology of education – A review of the literature
Educational Research Review, 2022Cecilia K Y Chan, Jiahui Luo
exaly
History of Shadow Education in Korea
2016Since the 1950s, private tutoring for college admission exams has spread widely in Korea, raising social controversies and tension within society that the government has consistently implemented policies to reduce (Ko 2013). However, in spite of these policies, the place of hakwons in Korean education has increased sharply in numerous aspects, for ...
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