Results 261 to 270 of about 760,919 (298)

Tradeoff Generation Using Soft Constraints

2004
Tradeoffs have been proposed in the literature as an approach to resolving over-constrainedness in interactive constraint-based tools, such as product configurators. It has been reported how tradeoffs can be modeled as additional constraints. This paper presents a formal framework for tradeoff generation based on the semiring approach to soft ...
BISTARELLI, Stefano, KELLEHER, JEROME, O'SULLIVAN, BARRY   +2 more
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Soft Constraints for Lexicographic Orders

2013
While classical Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) concern the search for the boolean assignment of a set of variables that has to satisfy some given requirements, their soft variant considers ordered domains for assignments, thus modeling preferences: the aim is to provide an environment where suitable algorithms (e.g.
GADDUCCI, FABIO, Hoelzl M., MONREALE, GIACOMA, Wirsing M.   +3 more
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Federalism and the Soft Budget Constraint [PDF]

SSRN Electronic Journal, 1999
The government's incentives to bail out inefficient projects are determined by the trade-off between political benefits and economic costs, the latter depending on the decentralization of government. Two effects of federalism are derived: First, fiscal competition among local governments under factor mobility increases the opportunity costs of bailout ...
Yingyi Qian, Gerard Roland
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Scheduling with soft constraints

Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, 2009
In a behavioral synthesis system, a typical approach used to guide the scheduler is to impose hard constraints on the relative timing between operations considering performance, area, power, etc., so that the resulting RTL design is favorable in these aspects.
Jason Cong, Bin Liu, Zhiru Zhang
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Overlapping soft budget constraints

Journal of Urban Economics, 2010
Our paper identifies a potential problem with decentralization at a time when its virtues are widely extolled. We show that responsibility for equalization at multi-levels within a decentralized federation creates an overlapping equalization policy that can worsen fiscal discipline.
Breuillé, Marie-Laure, Vigneault, Marianne   +1 more
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The Soft Budget Constraint

1994
Abstract One of the most important questions in identifying the behaviour and performance of enterprises in any economy is that of what happens when they veer towards financial insolvency. Even if few enterprises actually face this situation and even for enterprises that have never faced it, their views on the consequences of ...
Donald Hay, Derek Morris, Guy Liu,, Shujie Yao   +3 more
openaire   +1 more source

Soft budget constraints in professional football

European Sport Management Quarterly, 2012
Professional football in Europe is characterized by persistent deficits and growing debts among the majority of the top league clubs. Despite these problems, the clubs have an abnormally high survival rate. This paper focuses on this apparent paradox and poses the question: Why do only very few European professional football clubs go out of business ...
Storm, Rasmus K., Nielsen, Klaus
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Bribery in Voting With Soft Constraints

Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2013
We consider a multi-agent scenario where a collection of agents needs to select a common decision from a large set of decisions over which they express their preferences. This decision set has a combinatorial structure, that is, each decision is an element of the Cartesian product of the domains of some variables.
PINI, MARIA SILVIA, ROSSI, FRANCESCA, K. B. Venable   +2 more
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Modeling with Soft Constraints

2014
With hard constraints we deal with straight lines, discontinuities, and discrete probability states. This makes the modeling much easier but can hide some very important aspects of optimization of physical assets. Here we explore the softening of hard limits and discrete states.
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SOGgy Constraints: Soft Open Global Constraints

2009
We investigate soft open constraints. We generalize and unify classes of soft constraints and adapt them to the open setting. We give sufficient conditions for generalized classes of decomposition-based and edit-based soft constraints to be contractible. Finally, we outline a propagator for an open generalized edit-based soft Regular constraint.
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