Results 41 to 50 of about 1,120,407 (342)

International Financial Standards and the Explanatory Force of Lex Mercatoria [PDF]

open access: yes, 2012
The global financial crisis has cast a strong light on some hitherto obscure corners of the financial world, provoking an outpouring of calls for concerted international action. “Hard law” having disappointed, can “soft law”, in the form of international
Jordan, Cally
core   +1 more source

XMM-Newton study of the complex and variable spectrum of NGC 4051

open access: yes, 2006
We study the X-ray spectral variability of the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4051 as observed during two XMM-Newton observations. The data show evidence for a neutral and constant reflection component and for constant emission from photoionized gas ...
Cappi, M.   +5 more
core   +3 more sources

The Nature of the Stable Soft X-ray Emissions in Several Types of Active Galactic Nuclei Observed by Suzaku [PDF]

open access: yes, 2012
To constrain the origin of the soft X-ray excess phenomenon seen in many active galactic nuclei, the intensity-correlated spectral analysis, developed by Noda et al.
Makishima, Kazuo   +5 more
core   +1 more source

NanoMOF‐Based Multilevel Anti‐Counterfeiting by a Combination of Visible and Invisible Photoluminescence and Conductivity

open access: yesAdvanced Functional Materials, EarlyView.
This study presents novel anti‐counterfeiting tags with multilevel security features that utilize additional disguise features. They combine luminescent nanosized Ln‐MOFs with conductive polymers to multifunctional mixed‐matrix membranes and powder composites. The materials exhibit visible/NIR emission and matrix‐based conductivity even as black bodies.
Moritz Maxeiner   +9 more
wiley   +1 more source

Synchrotron Radiation for Quantum Technology

open access: yesAdvanced Functional Materials, EarlyView.
Materials and interfaces underpin quantum technologies, with synchrotron and FEL methods key to understanding and optimizing them. Advances span superconducting and semiconducting qubits, 2D materials, and topological systems, where strain, defects, and interfaces govern performance.
Oliver Rader   +10 more
wiley   +1 more source

The Role of Soft Law in the Application of the Law: The Norwegian Perspective

open access: yesOslo Law Review
The article explores whether soft law instruments—such as the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP) and OECDʼs Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises (OECD Guidelines)—have a role to play in the application of Norwegian law.
Frode Elgesem
doaj   +1 more source

Bulk motion Comptonization in black-hole accretion flows

open access: yes, 2005
We study spectra generated by Comptonization of soft photons by cold electrons radially free-falling onto a black hole. We use a Monte Carlo method involving a fully relativistic description of Comptonization in the Kerr space-time.
Niedzwiecki, Andrzej   +1 more
core   +1 more source

The Future of Soft Money in Federal Elections: The 527 Reform Act of 2005 and the First Amendment [PDF]

open access: yes, 2005
President George W. Bush signed the Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act of 2002 (“BCRA”) into law on March 27, 2002, and when it became law on November 6, 2002, BCRA marked the first significant revision of the federal laws controlling the financing ...
Chase, Ryan P.
core   +2 more sources

All‐in‐One Analog AI Hardware: On‐Chip Training and Inference with Conductive‐Metal‐Oxide/HfOx ReRAM Devices

open access: yesAdvanced Functional Materials, EarlyView.
An all‐in‐one analog AI accelerator is presented, enabling on‐chip training, weight retention, and long‐term inference acceleration. It leverages a BEOL‐integrated CMO/HfOx ReRAM array with low‐voltage operation (<1.5 V), multi‐bit capability over 32 states, low programming noise (10 nS), and near‐ideal weight transfer.
Donato Francesco Falcone   +11 more
wiley   +1 more source

Soft Law for the Internet, Lessons from International Law

open access: yesSCRIPTed: A Journal of Law, Technology & Society, 2011
This article begins with the international legal environment and the differences between international law and domestic law. Although the state is still the central subject of international law, the sovereignty of the state has been under challenge since
Andrew Power and Oisín Tobin
doaj   +1 more source

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