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Soil ionization phenomenon around grounding electrode under lightning impulse
2013 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC), 2013Knowledging the ionization phenomenon of soil neighboring the grounding electrode is the fundament to correctly simulate the transient property of grounding devices. Soil is a solid medium, so the ionization phenomenon in soil is difficultly observed.
Jinliang He, Bo Zhang
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Characterization of Ionization Phenomena in Soils Under Fast Impulses
IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2006Protective devices such as spark gaps and surge arresters are used to divert surges to earth. It is, therefore, necessary that earthing systems are designed with a low-magnitude earth impedance value so that the overvoltage protection devices can divert high fault currents effectively to earth for all types of fault. Power frequency characterization of
Nor, N.M., Haddad, A., Griffiths, H.
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RESPIRATION OF SOIL STERILIZED BY IONIZING RADIATIONS
Soil Science, 1962Electron- and x-ray-sterilized soil respires at a rate approaching that of nonsterile soil. Mercuric chloride decreases respiration of sterile soil, whereas incubating nonsterile soil with glucose for 48 hours prior to sterilizing with x rays increases subsequent respiration.
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Soil ionization effects on surge characteristics of grounding electrodes
IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2019For finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations, Ala et al. (2008) proposed a simplified engineering soil ionization model on the basis of the dynamic soil‐resistivity model of Liew and Darveniza (1974), and tested its validity against experiments on a 0.61‐m single vertical grounding conductor.
Fan Zhang +3 more
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Prediction of the Adsorption of Ionizable Pesticides in Soils
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007Adsorption of six acidic and four basic pesticides was measured in nine temperate soils.
Kah, Mélanie, Brown, Colin
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Ionization and sorption of fomesafen and atrazine by soils and soil constituents
Pesticide Science, 1993AbstractFomesafen exhibited weakly acidic properties and was titrated spectrophotometrically and determined to have a pKAof 3.0. [14C]fomesafen and [14C]atrazine, as references, were used in slurry‐type sorption studies with H+‐ and Ca2+‐saturated soil organic matter, Ca2+‐saturated montmorillonite clay, Norfolk sandy loan (Typic Paleudult) and Drummer
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Transient performance of horizontal grounding electrode under soil ionization effect
2017 Nineteenth International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON), 2017This paper presents impulse impedance of grounding electrode when it is hit by fast lightning current pulses. This study takes into account soil ionization effect. Also, in this paper a comparison between transient impedance when soil ionization effect is taken into account or not, is done. Transmission line (TL) approach is used within this study. The
S. Yassin, Adel Z. El Dein
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Ionization Behaviors in Various Soils Subjected to Impulse Currents
Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers, 2008This parer presents the soil ionization phenomena and parameters associated to characterize the transient performances of grounding system under lightning impulse Currents. Ionization properties in occurring some soil media were experimentally investigated.
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Comparison of circuit models for the simulation of soil ionization
2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), 2012The main characteristic of the transient behaviour of a grounding system is the decrease of the soil resistivity and consequently of the grounding impedance, due to soil ionization phenomena that take place, when the density of the injected current exceeds a critical value.
E. P. Nicolopoulou +3 more
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An improved model for soil ionization around grounding system and its application to stratified soil
Journal of Electrostatics, 2004An improved model for taking into account the effect of the soil ionization around grounding system under lightning strike is proposed in this paper. In this model, the soil ionization region is assumed to retain 7% of its pre-ionization resistivity, which is consistent with the experimental results on soil ionization found in literature (Trans.
Yaqing Liu +4 more
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