Results 91 to 100 of about 152,015 (264)

Unified Relationship between Cold Plasma Ejections and Flare Energies Ranging from Solar Microflares to Giant Stellar Flares

The Astrophysical Journal, 2023
We often find spectral signatures of chromospheric cold plasma ejections accompanied by flares in a wide range of spatial scales in the solar and stellar atmospheres.
Yuji Kotani, Kazunari Shibata, Takako T. Ishii, Daiki Yamasaki, Kenichi Otsuji, Kiyoshi Ichimoto, Ayumi Asai   +6 more
doaj   +1 more source

Using the Maximum X-ray Flux Ratio and X-ray Background to Predict Solar Flare Class [PDF]

, 2015
We present the discovery of a relationship between the maximum ratio of the flare flux (namely, 0.5-4 Ang to the 1-8 Ang flux) and non-flare background (namely, the 1-8 Ang background flux), which clearly separates flares into classes by peak flux level.
arxiv   +1 more source

An overview of solar flare results from COMPTEL [PDF]

, 1994
The COMPTEL experiment on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) has been operating in orbit since April of 1991. During that time, COMPTEL has observed several large flares, the most notable of which were several X‐class flares which took place in ...
McConnell, Mark L
core   +1 more source

Regularized energy-dependent solar flare hard x-ray spectral index

, 2005
The deduction from solar flare X-ray photon spectroscopic data of the energy dependent model-independent spectral index is considered as an inverse problem.
A. A. Korchak, A. M. Massone, A. N. Tikhonov, Alexander L. Mackinnon, C. Johns, C. W. Groetsch, D. M. Smith, E. P. Kontar, E. P. Kontar, E. P. Kontar, E. P. Kontar, Eduard P. Kontar, G. D. Holman, H. A. Kramers, J. A. Miller, J. C. Brown, J. C. Brown, J. C. Brown, J. C. Brown, L. Fletcher, M. Aschwanden, M. Hanke, M. Piana, R. P. Lin, R. P. Lin, R. P. Lin, S. R. Kane, T. Bai, V. Petrosian   +28 more
core   +2 more sources

Embracing the politics of transformation: Policy action as “battle‐settlement events”

Review of Policy Research, EarlyView.
Abstract Societal transformations for addressing climate change are intensely contested and at risk of resistance and backlash to ambitious policy action. But they are frequently modeled through heuristics such as S‐curves which abstract from such conflicts, assuming increasing returns to scale as a driver of transformations.
James Patterson, Matthew Paterson
wiley   +1 more source

Cycle 23 Variation in Solar Flare Productivity

, 2013
The NOAA listings of solar flares in cycles 21-24, including the GOES soft X-ray magnitudes, enable a simple determination of the number of flares each flaring active region produces over its lifetime.
Fletcher, Lyndsay, Hudson, Hugh, McTiernan, Jim   +2 more
core   +1 more source

A Small Pathbreaking Spacecraft: Giants of Space Research (Bernard Blake, Dieter Hovestadt, and Edward Stone)

Perspectives of Earth and Space Scientists, Volume 6, Issue 1, December 2025.
Abstract The Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Explorer (SAMPEX) mission launched in July 1992 was the first NASA “Small Explorer” project. It had the goal to show how space missions could be developed much more rapidly than had become the situation in the 1980s and 1990s.
D. N. Baker, G. M. Mason
wiley   +1 more source

Energy Deposition into the Ionosphere during a Solar Flare with Extreme-ultraviolet Late Phase

The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Solar extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance is the dominant energy source for ionizing and heating the Earth’s upper atmosphere. It is common to assume that the spectra of different EUV lines have the same trend to fill the solar EUV irradiance gap for ...
Jing Liu, Liying Qian, Wenbin Wang, Kevin Pham, Xiangliang Kong, Yao Chen, Wenlong Liu, Libo Liu, Xuanqing Liu   +8 more
doaj   +1 more source

Are complex magnetic field structures responsible for the confined X-class flares in super active region 12192? [PDF]

, 2017
From 2014 October 19 to 27, six X-class flares occurred in super active region (AR) 12192. They were all confined flares and were not followed by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). To examine the structures of the four flares close to the solar disk center from October 22 to 26, we employ firstly composite triple-time images in each flare process to ...
arxiv   +1 more source

Using Ionosondes for Lower‐Ionosphere Remote Sensing

Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 52, Issue 11, 16 June 2025.
Abstract Ionosondes are primarily used to measure the electron densities of the ionosphere's E and F‐region via frequency‐range analysis of the probing signal returns. The amplitude of the returning signal has often been ignored, however, and may allow estimates of other propagation effects such as D and E‐region absorption.
M. Strong, M. Cohen, I. Galkin
wiley   +1 more source