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Equatorial spread-F

Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 1959
Abstract Spread- F conditions have been examined for six low-latitude stations—Dakar, Khartoum, Djibouti, Ibadan, Nairobi and Leopoldville. It is shown that, contrary to the general view, occurrence of disturbed magnetic conditions inhibits the occurrence of spread- F layers during the southern solstice at all these stations.
R.W. Weight, N.J. Skinner
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The belt of equatorial spread-F

Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 1960
Abstract The morphology of the belt of equatorial spread-F at sunspot maximum is investigated, using I.G.Y. data, for magnetically quiet and magnetically disturbed conditions respectively. The belt is found to extend from about 30°S to 30°N in magnetic latitude and to have a region of very high incidence, exceeding 90 per cent for the early part of ...
Lyon, AJ, Skinner, NJ, Wright, RWH
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Spread-F on ionograms

Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 1970
Abstract Spread- F echoes are not due to partial reflection from small irregularities. Rather they are due to total reflection from large tilted surfaces of ionization. The geometry of these surfaces is examined using ionograms and airglow observations, together with Australian experiments reported in the literature.
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Duration of equatorial spread F

Nature, 1975
IT is well established1–3 that the spread-F phenomenon, which is observed as diffuse echoes on the ionograms is a common feature during night time between the dip latitudes 20°N and 20°S. Based on the study of ionograms and published monthly f0F2 bulletins, morphological features of spread F have been reported for several equatorial stations1,4–10 ...
V. V. SOMAYAJULU   +2 more
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Geomorphology of spread F and characteristics of equatorial spread F

Journal of Geophysical Research, 1959
Between magnetic latitudes 20°N and 20°S there is a well defined region where spread F is a normal occurrence on magnetically quiet days. Equatorial spread F is a night-time phenomenon that begins between 1900 and 2200 by a characteristic doubling of the layer and an increase in virtual height, indicating a vertical velocity.
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The spread-F equator

Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 1963
An explanation of the position of the spread-F equator under sunspot maximum and sunspot minimum conditions is put forward. This explanation is based on the theory of spread-F irregularity production by Martyn amplification of irregularities initiated by hydromagnetic waves.
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A study of equatorial spread-F

Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 1963
Data from seven stations ranging in magnetic dip from 0° to 44°N have been analysed to study night time and seasonal variations of spread-F through nearly half a solar cycle. It is observed that the inhibition of spread-F due to geomagnetic activity is maximum in the equinoxes.
S. Rangaswamy, K.B. Kapasi
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