PLoS ONE, 2018 Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 (O157) strains can be classified into clades (one of several phylogenetic groups) by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): these are clade 1, clade 2, clade 3, descendant and ancestral clades 4/5, clade 6, clade ...
Shinichiro Hirai +2 more
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The AEGEAN-169 clade of bacterioplankton is synonymous with SAR11 subclade V (HIMB59) and metabolically distinct [PDF]
mSystems, 2023 Bacterioplankton of the SAR11 clade are the most abundant marine microorganisms and consist of numerous subclades spanning order-level divergence (Pelagibacterales). The assignment of the earliest diverging subclade V (a.k.a.
Eric W. Getz +8 more
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Seasonal vaccine-induced immunity shows preserved cross-reactivity to H3N2 subclade K in adultsResearch in context [PDF]
EBioMedicineSummary: Background: Influenza A subclade K viruses caused high infection rates in the 2025/2026 Northern Hemisphere season, raising concerns about antigenic drift and reduced vaccine effectiveness.
Adria Wilson +18 more
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Insights into the diversification of subclade IVa bHLH transcription factors in Fabaceae
BMC Plant Biology, 2021 Background Fabaceae plants appear to contain larger numbers of subclade IVa basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors than other plant families, and some members of this subclade have been identified as saponin biosynthesis regulators. We aimed
Hikaru Seki, Toshiya Muranaka
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Microorganisms, 2023 The global emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli), mainly causing urinary tract infections (UTI), is a major threat to human health. ESBL-E.
Daniel Jaén-Luchoro +6 more
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Reduced neutralising antibody responses against emerging 2025/26 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 subclade D.3.1 and A(H3N2) subclade K viruses among healthcare workers, Finland, August to October 2025 [PDF]
EurosurveillanceDuring autumn 2025, drifted influenza A(H3N2) subclade K and A(H1N1)pdm09 subclade D.3.1. and D.3.1.1 viruses were detected in Finland. We assessed antibody responses against 2024/25 vaccine and 2025/26 epidemic influenza A strains among 46 Finnish ...
Hanna Nohynek
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EurosurveillanceIn Australia and New Zealand, late outbreaks of an A(H3N2) variant virus termed subclade K extended the 2025 influenza season. Subclade K viruses were genetically and antigenically distinct from the 2025 vaccine A(H3N2) strain A/Croatia/10136RV/2023 ...
Ian G. Barr
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Reduced T cell epitope cross-conservation and immunogenic potential is associated with emergence of a dominant influenza subclade K in 2025 [PDF]
Human Vaccines & ImmunotherapeuticsSubclade K is a newly emergent influenza A/H3N2 strain that became the dominant strain circulating globally; more than 90% of influenza A virus (IAV) cases in 2025–26 were subclade K.
Andres H. Gutierrez +3 more
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Host cell entry and neutralisation sensitivity of H3N2 influenza A virus subclade K [PDF]
npj VaccinesIn 2025, a mutated H3N2 lineage, subclade K, emerged, showing high activity in many regions. Mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) may affect cell entry and antibody-mediated neutralisation.
Nicole Moor +11 more
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Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2020 In January 2020, the subclade 2.3.4.4h of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N6) virus infected migratory whooper swans and mute swans in Xinjiang, western China.
Yanbing Li +13 more
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