Results 111 to 120 of about 18,544 (242)

Diplomacy and Recruitment of Mercenaries before the Battle of Žalgiris

open access: yesLietuvos Istorijos Studijos, 2010
During the months preceding the battle of Žalgiris (Tannenberg/Grunwald) the diplomatic activity of the countries involved was intense. After the successful campaign of the Teutonic Order against Poland in 1409 an armistice was concluded on 8 October ...
Sven Ekdahl
doaj   +1 more source

Strange Bedfellows : The Rise of the Military Religious Orders in the Twelfth Century

open access: yes, 2014
Most people would not describe Christian monks as militaristic. However, there are instances in history when Christians have strayed from their basic pacifist beliefs in the name of defending their religion.
Hayes, Sarah E.
core   +1 more source

Investigating the Relation Between Second Language Proficiency and Study Success Using a Causal Inference Approach

open access: yesLanguage Learning, Volume 76, Issue 1, Page 132-175, March 2026.
Abstract Prior research suggests that second language (L2) proficiency is key in students’ study progress, but this research has mainly been carried out at universities. It is thus unclear how this relation varies across different educational levels. Moreover, previous studies are often not informative about the causality of this relation, making it ...
Sybren Spit, Sible Andringa, Oisín Ryan
wiley   +1 more source

Work to Live or Live to Work? Unemployment, Happiness, and Culture [PDF]

open access: yes
Happiness drops when individuals become unemployed. The negative impact of the unemployment shock, however, may differ by cultural background. To test the hypothesis of a 'Teutonic work ethic', this paper takes advantage of Switzerland in its cultural ...
Krause, Annabelle
core  

The development of a medieval scribe [PDF]

open access: yes, 2015
Every individual has a set of traits unique for that person. These include biometric identi ers such as DNA, but the same principal applies to the notion of a scribal ngerprint or human stylome.
Stapel, Rombert
core  

Shades of empire: Evidence from Swedish and Polish–Lithuanian partitions in the Baltics

open access: yesThe Economic History Review, Volume 79, Issue 1, Page 342-376, February 2026.
Abstract In this study, we explore the long‐run effects of Swedish and Polish–Lithuanian imperial legacies in the Baltic region. Using a robust regression discontinuity design, we identify persistent differences in socio‐economic development across the South Livonia–Courland and the South Livonia–Lettgallia borders that emerged as a result of the ...
Theocharis N. Grigoriadis, Alise Vitola
wiley   +1 more source

The Teutonic Order

open access: yes, 2008
The German Order, also known as the Teutonic Knights or Deutschritter, was known for their vigor, efficiency and idealism, but above all for their “Germanness”. After its foundation in the Holy Land at Acre in 1189/90, developments often ran parallel to their colleagues brothers-in-arm and competitors, the Hospitaller Knights of St John and the Knights
openaire   +1 more source

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