Results 121 to 130 of about 1,563 (166)

Ionospheric Topside Sounding

Science, 1966
Over the past few years, the satellite topside sounders have significantly contributed to the understanding of the upper ionosphere. A great quantity of radio echo data has been accumulated, from which the ionospheric electron-density distribution can be determined.
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On changes in composition of the topside ionosphere

Reviews of Geophysics, 1965
The relative concentrations of the three ions O+, He+, and H+ in the topside ionosphere (ionosphere above the F2 maximum) are subject to variations of different periodicities. It would appear from previous work that the solar cycle variation can be described approximately in terms of models in which it is assumed that the ions and electrons are in a ...
Charles M. Rush, S. V. Venkateswaran
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Diffusive equilibrium in the topside ionosphere

Proceedings of the IEEE, 1969
Diffusive equilibrium is an idealized concept, representing a limiting case of the continuity equation for charged particles in the ionosphere. Since plasma diffusion can proceed rather rapidly above the F 2 peak, the plasma density distribution in the topside ionosphere can, in general, be approximated by a diffusive equilibrium distribution.
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Modeling the daytime energy balance of the topside ionosphere at middle latitudes

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2017
Recently reported measurements from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) indicate that the O⁺ temperature in the topside ionosphere is dependent on the fractional H⁺ density.
Chih-Te Hsu, R A Heelis
exaly   +2 more sources

Topside irregularities in the equatorial ionosphere

Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 1977
Abstract This paper is a brief review of ionospheric irregularities in the equatorial topside ionosphere. Results from topside sounders, direct measurement satellites, and the Jicamarca incoherent scatter radar are discussed. Scintillation observations and theories of irregularities are not discussed in detail as these are the subject of other review
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Exospheric models of the topside ionosphere

Space Science Reviews, 1974
The historical evolution of the study of escape of light gases from planetary atmospheres is delineated, and the application of kinetic theory to the ionsphere is discussed. Ionospheric plasma becomes collisionless above the ion-exobase which is located near 1000 km altitude in the trough and polar regions, and which coincides with the plasmapause at ...
Lemaire, J., Scherer, M.
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Topside sounding of the earth's ionosphere

Space Science Reviews, 1968
The evolution of topside sounding through rocket and satellite experiments is reviewed. Topside sounding has proved valuable for revealing the structure of the high ionosphere and for investigating the resonance properties of a magnetoplasma. The limits of our present knowledge of these rapidly developing subjects are discussed.
J.H. Chapman, E.S. Warren
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Positive ions in the topside ionosphere

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 1968
Abstract The satellite Ariel I, launched in April 1962, provided a survey of the topside ionosphere over a latitude range of ± 55°. The measurements made by the ion energy spectrometer showed the ions O+ and He+ to be the major massive components of the ionosphere and enabled a global study of the composition over the northern summer ...
Robert Lewis Fullarton Boyd, Susan Laflin   +1 more
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Equatorial hiss in the topside ionosphere

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 1979
Equatorial hiss seen in the topside ionosphere by the Dartmouth experiment on Ogo 6, using an electric dipole antenna, is described. The observations are consistent with wave normal positions intermediate between the geomagnetic field and the resonance cone.
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The seasonal behaviour of the topside ionosphere

Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 1968
Alouette topside sounder data acquired over North America during the solstice periods of 1962 and 1963 indicate that, over a wide range of middle latitudes, the midday electron concentration values at various fixed heights (400, 600, 800 and 1000 km) are always substantially greater, by a factor of about two, at midsummer than at midwinter.
J.W. King, G.L. Hawkins, C. Seabrook
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