Results 171 to 180 of about 4,627 (227)

Ionospheric irregularities observed by topside sounders

Proceedings of the IEEE, 1969
Topside sounders observe electron-density irregularities in the ionosphere with dimensions of hundreds of meters to many kilometers across the magnetic field. Most irregularities are elongated and may extend thousands of kilometers along the field. The variation of electron density is normally a few percent or less.
W. Calvert, J.M. Warnock
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Topside ionosphere at sunrise

Journal of Geophysical Research, 1971
The sunrise behavior of the midlatitude topside ionosphere at low sunspot numbers was examined by using Alouette 1 electron density and plasma scale height profiles obtained at Stanford University during May and June 1963. Under the assumption that observed variations result from solar control, the data were averaged to form height profiles of plasma ...
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Composition Measurements of the Topside Ionosphere

Science, 1967
Data from a magnetic mass spectrometer flown on the Explorer 31 satellite show that the ionosphere above 1000 kilometers usually consists of hydrogen ions as the predominant species. Between this altitude and perigee (500 kilometers) the dominant ion species shifts to atomic oxygen, with a significant amount of atomic nitrogen ions also present. Helium
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Exospheric models of the topside ionosphere

Space Science Reviews, 1974
The historical evolution of the study of escape of light gases from planetary atmospheres is delineated, and the application of kinetic theory to the ionsphere is discussed. Ionospheric plasma becomes collisionless above the ion-exobase which is located near 1000 km altitude in the trough and polar regions, and which coincides with the plasmapause at ...
Lemaire, J., Scherer, M.
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Ionospheric Topside Sounding

Science, 1966
Over the past few years, the satellite topside sounders have significantly contributed to the understanding of the upper ionosphere. A great quantity of radio echo data has been accumulated, from which the ionospheric electron-density distribution can be determined.
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Topside sounding of the earth's ionosphere

Space Science Reviews, 1968
The evolution of topside sounding through rocket and satellite experiments is reviewed. Topside sounding has proved valuable for revealing the structure of the high ionosphere and for investigating the resonance properties of a magnetoplasma. The limits of our present knowledge of these rapidly developing subjects are discussed.
J.H. Chapman, E.S. Warren
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Diffusive equilibrium in the topside ionosphere

Proceedings of the IEEE, 1969
Diffusive equilibrium is an idealized concept, representing a limiting case of the continuity equation for charged particles in the ionosphere. Since plasma diffusion can proceed rather rapidly above the F 2 peak, the plasma density distribution in the topside ionosphere can, in general, be approximated by a diffusive equilibrium distribution.
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Model of topside ionosphere scale height based on topside sounder data

Advances in Space Research, 2006
Abstract A new model of topside ionosphere scale height is developed, based on the vertical electron density (Ne) profiles obtained from topside ionosondes. The model provides the vertical scale height (VSH) as a function of month of the year, local time, geomagnetic latitude, solar flux F107 and Kp index. To define VSH, the O+ scale height above the
Ivan S. Kutiev, Pencho G. Marinov, Shigeto Watanabe   +2 more
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Topside irregularities in the equatorial ionosphere

Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 1977
Abstract This paper is a brief review of ionospheric irregularities in the equatorial topside ionosphere. Results from topside sounders, direct measurement satellites, and the Jicamarca incoherent scatter radar are discussed. Scintillation observations and theories of irregularities are not discussed in detail as these are the subject of other review
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Thermal diffusion in the topside ionosphere

Planetary and Space Science, 1967
Abstract It is shown that thermal diffusion profoundly affects ion density gradients in the topside of the ionosphere. For charged particle temperatures increasing with altitude the effect is to decrease the He+ and H+ density gradients at altitudes where O+ is the major ion and to increase (algebraically) the He+ and O+ density gradients at ...
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